1. Foreign Policy and National Defense
Chapter 17

2. Foreign Policy
Section 1

3. Isolationism to Internationalism
For the first 150 years of U.S. history the government was mainly focused on extending its influence over the continental U.S. (Manifest Destiny)
Beginning in the 20th century, the U.S. has been more of a global power.
International wars and economic crises have had an impact on the entire world.
Involvement in Foreign affairs has become increasingly important as globalization has increased. (globalization theory)

4. Foreign Policy
How the country relates to other nations in diplomatic, economic, and military affairs
Everything the gov’t does and says
President is both chief diplomat and commander-in-chief
Must of the U.S. foreign policy is carried out by the Department of State
Secretary of State plays an important role in developing and implementing policies.

5. Overseas Representatives
The U.S. sends and receives diplomatic representatives
Ambassadors
Representatives in over 180 sovereign nations
Special diplomats
Representatives to international organizations like the United Nations and NATO
Ambassadors enjoy diplomatic immunity
State department issues passports to citizens traveling abroad.

6. The State Department The President’s right arm in foreign affairs
Headed by the Secretary of State

7. National Defense
Section 2

8. Defense Department Unifies the nation’s armed forces
Secretary of Defense – Head of the department. Helps the President in making decisions about national defense and carrying out those decisions

9. Director of National Intelligence
Created after 9/11 to supervise and operate the federal intelligence community
Includes, among other agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), and the National Security Agency (NSA).
Espionage - spying

10. Department of Homeland Security
Main task is to protect the country from terrorism
Terrorism – the use of violence to intimidate a government or a society, usually for political or ideological reasons

11. Collective Security
America hoped to forge a world where most nations would agree to act together against any nation that threatened the peace.
The United States
took a lead role in
forming the United
Nations in 1945

12. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Created in 1949 – It is a collective alliance formed initially to promote the collective defense of Western Europe from the USSR.
Today it still functions as a security alliance for its members.

13. The United Nations General Assembly – “the town meeting of the world”
Each country has a seat and a vote in the general assembly
Resolutions are non-binding but send a message about the will of the world

14. The UN Security Council
15 members
5 permanent members – US, Britain, France, China, and Russia
Job is to maintain international peace