1. Canada’s International Relationships Unit 5 – Global Systems Lesson 25 – Canada’s International Relationships

2. Immigration and Canada’s Global Connections Why would Immigration from different countries affect Canada’s role in the World?

3. World Connections Canada is a nation that is comprised of four diverse groups: 1) Aboriginal Canadians 2) French Canadians 3) Anglo (English) Canadians 4) Recent Immigrants (Since 1900)

4. Historic Connections 1) Aboriginal Immigration Started 40,000 years ago when Aboriginal groups crossed the Bearing Land Bridge into Canada 2) French Canadians Started in 1534 when Jacques Cartier claimed the Atlantic provinces and the St. Lawrence seaway for France Became New France until 1763

5. Historic Connections (pt.2) 3) British North America (1763-1867) British rule in Canada until Confederation This period witnessed waves of immigration from the British Isles 4) Recent Immigrants (Since 1900) British immigration continued, but Eastern European increased Since the 1970’s, immigration from non- European countries has increased

6. Bering Land Bridge

7. New France

8. British North America

9. Recent Immigration

10. Immigration Effects It creates and changes our nation in several ways: 1) French Canadians have developed ties with other French speaking nations 2) English Canadians have maintained their ties with the British Commonwealth, as well as other English speaking nations (the United States) 3) New Canadians have created ties to other developing nations (China, India)

11. Canada’s International Relationships Why would Canada want to have international relationships? 1) Working with other countries helps makes the world a safer and healthier. 2) The world economies are closely linked and require cooperation to maintain business ties. 3) Cooperation makes large tasks more manageable when all nations work together.

12. How does International Cooperation help people? By all countries working together, we can work together to eliminate major problems that the world faces: 1) War 2)Poverty 3) Environmental Damage 4) Racism and Discrimination

13. How Can Canada Help Other Nations? 1)Direct Foreign Aid 2)Indirect Aid through NGO’s

14. Direct Foreign Aid Foreign Aid Financial assistance provided to developing countries from other countries (usually developed nations) In 2011, Canada gave $6.5 billion in foreign aid to other nations for international development ODA – Official Development Assistance This is Government provided assistance

15. Indirect Aid This is aid that is sent through agencies that are independent of government NGO’s – Non-governmental agencies Ex. Live aid concerts, Amnesty International, Red Cross, Free the Children, etc

16. What are Canada’s Economic Links?

17. Canadian Business in a Global World The world is becoming an increasingly connected place. This is especially true for business and commerce. Ex. Banking, finance, manufacturing Globalization – the development of an increasingly integrated world in which free movement of goods, services and people make national borders less important

18. Canada and the United States Under the NAFTA agreement, Canada had a free trade agreement with the United States and Mexico This trade relationship is vital to the Canadian economy, since 77% of our exports go to the USA Canada – is the 2 nd largest exporter of natural gas in the world today Is the 5 th largest exporter of oil today

20. Canada and the United Nations

21. UN Member Nations

22. Canada and the United Nations The United Nations Was formed in 1945 for two reasons: 1) To promote world peace 2) To help poorer countries develop socially and economically 1945 – UN contained 50 members Today- 192 Member states

23. United Nations What are the benefits of belonging to this? 1) Provide a forum for discussion for members of the United Nations 2) Peacekeeping Missions provide support for countries that are recovering from war 3) Humanitarian missions can assist people who have been effected by drought or natural disasters

24. Peacekeeping 1956 – future Canadian Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson created the idea of peacekeeping This was to help prevent another war from erupting between Egypt and Israel Since then, Canada has participated on dozens of missions Canada has also provided over 900,000 military men and women to these missions

25. Canadian Peacekeeping Missions 1956 – Sinai Peninsula 1960 – Congo 1964 – Cyprus 1974 – Golan Heights 1988 – Iran and Iraq 1990 – Kuwait 1991 – Angola 1992 – Yugoslavia 1998 - Kosovo

26. Peacekeeping Missions These missions must be agreed at the United Nations Security Council This body is dominated by Britain, USA, China, France and Russia During the cold war, these missions were effective in ending a war between two nations Peacekeeping – occurs when the parties in a conflict have agreed to work towards peace

28. Failures of Peacekeeping Peacekeeping can not be effective if there is no peace to keep. This was experienced by Canadian Forces soldiers on several peacekeeping missions during the 1990’s. Ex. 1) Somalia (1993) 2) Bosnia (1994-96) 3) Rwanda (1994)

29. Peacemaking Peacemaking – occurs when there has been no peace agreement and it may be necessary to create peace 1991 – UN forces in the 1 st Gulf War to drive Iraq out of Kuwait 1998 – NATO forces in Bosnia begin to attack various groups that were killing civilians 2002 – NATO forces go into Afghanistan to defeat the Taliban due to 9/11 attacks

30. NATO NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization Founded in 1949 Includes the USA, UK, France and Canada Purpose was to fight off a Soviet Invasion during the Cold War involved in peacemaking operations the Taliban in Afghanistan Most recently involved in Libya in 2011 and Mali 2013

33. Why belong to the UN and NATO? 1) It is cheaper and more cost effective to work with a larger community. 2) More members and partners lead to more idea sharing and creativity to complex problems 3) Canada is a smaller nation and needs larger allies for defense and problem solving