1. Social Studies 20-2 Related Issue # 3
Chapter 9
Nation, Nation States, and Internationalism

2. Reviewing Related Issue #3
Review page 196, and the Unit’s contents
Volunteer to read page 197

3. Key Terms Needs Wants Isolationism Unilateralism Bilateralism
Multilateralism
Supranationalism

4. Key Concept
Does involvement in international affairs benefit nations and nation-states?
Read page 202

5. What motivates nations and nation-states to become involved in international affairs?
People’s behaviours is motivated by both NEEDS and WANTS
Needs – things people must have to survive ( food, water, shelter, and health )
Wants – things people desire, not necessary to survive ( cellphone, tattoo, …)

6. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
Believed that everyone ranked her or his needs in order of importance
Placed basic survival needs at the bottom
People would then work their way up through the levels until they became happy and fulfilled human beings
Some people believe human nature is too complex to follow this method

7. Needs and Motives of Successful Nation-States
Read page 203
Behaviour of nation-states and nations is motivated by the collective needs and wants of the country’s people
Nations and Nation-states are motivated to achieve and maintain:
Economic stability
Peace and Security
Self-determination
Humanitarianism
Complete Handout by reading pages

8. Economic Stability
People – may involve getting an education, finding a job and saving money
Nation – might decide to provide more money for training apprentices to attract more industries to the country
Nation – develop trade policies that support exports which help keep employment levels high in their country
When people have jobs they spend more money. When they spend more money they create a demand for goods and services which make companies make more goods and therefore need to hire more workers

9. Peace and Security
Safety is a strong motivator for nations and nation-states
Society can not function unless people feel safe doing things like attending school and going to work
Nations promote safety by passing laws, creating police forces, and making rules for the workplace
Nations promote security through their interaction with the rest of the world

10. Peace and Security Avoiding war is a strong motivator
Most nation-states are motivated to create alliances to protect themselves against conflict
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Protective alliance among countries whose goal is to maintain security of western nations
Canada is a member

13. Peace and Security NORAD – North American Aerospace Defense Command
Defends the air space of North America
United Nations
International body to help nations solve conflicts and problems before they escalate

14. Case Study
In 2007, these women lived in refugee camp in Darfur, a region of Sudan. In Sudan, about 2.5 million people have fled their homes because of fighting between government forces and rebels. This fighting has destroyed many people’s peace and security.
What might be some long-term effects of this lack of peace and security?

15. Self-determination
Most people are highly motivated to control their own lives
Nations and Nation-state are also highly motivated to control their future
They achieve this goal by seeking self-determination

16. Self-determination
Nations that are controlled by another nation may even decide to seek sovereignty ( independence )
Example – Canada wanting it independence from Britain
Example – many nations created at the end of World War One based around self-determination

17. Self Determination
Europe Europe 1919

18. Humanitarianism Motivation to help other to some extent
Nations attempt to relieve suffering and protect the innocent
Humanitarianism – acting to support the dignity and well-being of all people
Can be both internal and external

19. Failed States Read page 207
Countries that cannot ( or do not ) meet the needs of their citizens may be classified as “failed states”.
Answer EXPLORATIONS #1
What causes states to fail:
Loss of political legitimacy
Corruption of government
Economic decline
Violent takeover of government
Organized crime
Not sustain essential public service
Cannot promote economic growth
Do not provide welfare
Fear of others – ethnic conflicts
Greed

20. Botswana and Zimbabwe
Read pages
EXPLORATIONS #1

21. How do Motives of Nations and Nation-States shape their responses to the rest of the world?
Read the opening paragraph page 210
Motives shape the way governments manage their domestic ( internal ) affairs and how they respond to the world
When deciding how to respond to the rest of the world, countries are influenced by many factors related to the needs of its people
The range of responses include:
Isolationism
Unilateralism
Bilateralism
Multilateralism
supranationalism

22. Possible Responses to International Affairs
Read the remainder of page 210 to page 213 and using the pinwheel handout, in your own words describe 5 ways in which countries can respond to international affairs.
Each arm of the pinwheel should include 3 sections:
The name and a brief description
An example, either written or sketched
The motive(s) your example is serving

23. Isolationism The policy of staying completely out of world affairs
Have no dealings at all with other countries
Complete isolationism is rare – most still have diplomatic ties with countries but stay out of any disputes
Examples:
Japan – isolated itself for over 200 years
Switzerland – remained neutral during both World Wars
United States – after World War Two

25. Unilateralism Means going alone
When a country does not want help from other countries or it is unable to persuade other countries to help them
Declaring war on a country without the help of other countries is an example
Examples – Cold War – USA vs USSR
Fear over nuclear arms development
Everyone was scared of joining sides
Let the two of them fight it out – hoped it would not go nuclear

26. Bilateralism
When two countries are motivated by the same issue or need
Agreements made between two countries
Examples – Acid Rain agreement between Canada and the USA

27. Multilateralism Many parties acting together as one
Several countries co-operate to resolve an issue of concern to them all
Is a favorite strategy of middle power countries – such as Canada
Example – Kyoto Protocol– agreement among many countries to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions

28. Multi-lateral Cooperation
Why is multilateral cooperation important when it comes to environmental issues?
Why might it often be difficult to achieve?

29. Supranationalism
Involves nations agreeing to go along with decisions made by international organizations
Members sometime have an outside body make decisions for them
Example – European Union

30. European Union
When countries join the European union they must give up some control over their own affairs
In the EU, major decisions are made by a vote in which every member country casts a ballot
As a result very few decisions are unanimous – but all members must abide with the majority
You sometimes have to go along with policies that they do not entirely agree with

31. European Union Benefits the national interests
Most member of the EU have given up their own national money. They have adopted the euro as their common currency
Sharing this currency with other countries helps bring stability to their economies and controls inflation

32. Understandings of Internationalism
Read pages
Use the handout “picturing Internationalism” to respond to the Challenge on page 214.

33. How does Internationalism benefit nations and nation-states?
Read pages