The New Immigrants (15.1) & The Challenges of Urbanization (15.2) “Bring me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free…” -Emma Lazarus’ The New Colossus

Warm up – Citizenship Test How many Senators are there in Congress? How many Representatives are there in Congress? What are the 49th and 50th states? Who has the power to declare war? Who is the current Governor of your state?

European Migration The U.S. sees a rise in immigrants from southern and eastern Europe: Italy, Russia, Austro-Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Greece and Turkey Typically settled in big cities New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, etc. Why? Escape religious persecution Ex. Russian Jews & pogroms Economic opportunity Overpopulation in Europe

The Legend of Annie Moore

Tenement Housing

Asian Migration Chinese & Japanese begin to immigrate to the U.S. amidst the CA Gold Rush (1849) Ethnic enclaves formed, ex: “Chinatowns” San Francisco Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Chinese immigration greatly restricted to protect American wages Supported by unions and nativists The Gentlemen’s Agreement 1906 – San Francisco segregates schools U.S. promises to stop segregation / Japan limits emigration of unskilled workers

Harsher questioning & longer detainments Ellis island Angel island New York City 1892-1924 Europeans Physical examination Screened for serious contagious health problems Inspector Felony record, $25, family & friends San Francisco 1910-1940 Asians Harsher questioning & longer detainments

Urbanization – the growth of cities Late 19th century & early 20th century Contributing factors: Farm labor demand shrinks due to new technology Small farms could not compete with commercial farms Farmers lost land during Panic of 1893 African Americans escaping Jim Crow Immigrants

Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives

The Americanization Movement Programs which sought to culturally assimilate immigrants Learning English WWI “The Making of an American”