Sustaining Wild Species G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition Chapter 22 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College
Key Concepts Human effects on biodiversity Importance of biodiversity How human activities affect wildlife Management of wildlife
Human Impacts on Biodiversity Fig. 22-2 p. 561
Increasing Biodiversity Physically diverse habitat Moderate environmental disturbance Small variations in conditions Middle stages of ecological succession
Decreasing Biodiversity Environmental stress Large environmental disturbance Extreme environmental conditions Severe limiting factors Introduction of alien species Geographic isolation
US Diversity Fig. 22-3 p. 562
Strategies for Protecting Biodiversity Species approach Ecosystem approach Fig. 22-5 p. 563
Species Extinction Local extinction Ecological extinction Biological extinction
Endangered and Threatened Species Endangered species Threatened (vulnerable) species Rare species Fig. 22-7 p. 564 Florida manatee Northern spotted owl (threatened) Gray wolf Florida panther Bannerman's turaco (Africa) © 2004 Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning
Extinction Risks Factors: population size, habitat, and genetics Population viability analysis Minimum viable population Minimum dynamic area Characteristics of extinction-prone species (refer to Fig. 22-8 p. 566)
Extinction Rates Background (natural) rate of extinction Mass extinction Adaptive radiations
Why Should We Care About Biodiversity? Instrumental value Intrinsic value See Spotlight p. 571 Fig. 22-10p. 569
Causes of Depletion of Wild Species Human population growth Failure to value the environment or ecological services Increasing per capita resource use Increasing use of Earth’s primary productivity Poverty
Causes of Premature Extinction of Wild Species Habitat degradation Introduction of non-native species Fig. 22-12 p. 572
Threats from Nonnative Species Arrival Roles of non- native species Examples (p. 576) See Connections p. 577 and Case Study p. 579 Fig. 22-19 p. 579
Other Extinction Threats Hunting and Poaching Predators and Pest Control Exotic Pets and Decorative Plants Climate Change and Pollution
Protecting Wild Species: The Research and Legal Approaches Bioinformatics International Treaties: CITES National Laws: Lacey Act Endangered Species Act Habitat conservation plans
Protecting Wild Species: The Sanctuary Approach Wildlife refuges and protected areas Gene banks, botanical gardens, and farms Zoos and Aquariums
Wildlife Management Laws regulating hunting and fishing Harvest quotas Population management plants Improving habitat Treaties and laws for migrating species