AIM: WHY DOES DEVELOPMENT VARY BETWEEN COUNTRIES? DO NOW: Worksheet! Describe life in various countries

Socially Economically Demographically

Human Development Index A country’s level of development can be distinguished according to three factors – social, economic, and demographic. The Human Development Index (HDI), created by the United Nations, recognizes that a country’s level of development is a function of all three of these factors.

Human Development Index (HDI) Four factors are combined to produce country’s HDI GDP (gross domestic product) per capita Literacy rate Amount of education Life expectancy

Can you name the top 3 countries with the highest HDI?

United States: Can you guess United States: Can you guess...  Life Expectancy  Average years of schooling

HDI 2014

ECONOMIC MEASURE Gross Domestic Product (GDP): value of the total output of goods and services produces in a country, normally during a year GDP per capita  Dividing GDP by total population measures contribution made by the average individual toward generating a country’s wealth

GDP UNITED STATES GDP = $12 trillion Population = 300 million GDP per capita = $40,000 Measures average (mean) wealth, not distribution. Cannot perfectly measure level of development

SOCIAL INDICATORS level of development, the greater are both the quantity and quality of education Quantity: average number of school years attended Quality: student/teacher ratio and literacy rate Literacy rate: percentage of a country’s people who can read and write

Education MDCs vs. LDCs Average pupil attends school for about 10 years in MDCs vs. couple years in LDCs Student-teacher ratio is twice as high in LDCs as in MDCs

DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS Life Expectancy: average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live LDCs – 60s MDCs – 70s

Other Factors the Determine Development of Countries

ECONOMIC FACTORS Types of Jobs (primary, secondary, tertiary) Productivity (gross value of product minus cost of raw materials and energy) Raw Materials Consumer goods

SOCIAL FACTORS Health and Welfare

DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS Infant Mortality Rate Natural Increase Rate Crude Birth Rate

AIM: Where are more and less developed countries? DO NOW: Vocabulary

REGIONS OF THE WORLD MORE DEVELOPED LESS DEVELOPED Anglo America Western Europe Eastern Europe Japan South Pacific Latin America East Asia Middle East Southeast Asia South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

AIM: Where does level of development vary by gender? DO NOW:

Gender-Related Development Index Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes Gender Empowerment Measure Compares ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) Uses the same indicators as HDI Income Literacy Education Life expectancy High GDI means both men and women have achieved a high level of development Low GDI means that women have a low level of development

Global Gender Gap Report 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llj7LzTUL og

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) ECONOMIC INDICATOR Average income for females is lower than males in every country in the world

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) SOCIAL INDICATOR Education & Literacy Women less likely to attend schools in LDCs Gap is especially high in secondary level Women:Men 99:100 in MDCs, 60:100 LDCs

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) SOCIAL INDICATOR LDCs Sub-Saharan Africa & Middle East fewer than one-third of girls attend school In Latin America and Asia, boys and girls are equally likely but attendance is much less than in MDCs

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATOR Life expectancy Gender gap greater in MDCs than LDCs Women expected to live longer in MDCs

Fostering Gender Equality & Empowerment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxECHRlr Hu8

Gender Empowerment income professional jobs elected jobs GEM measures the ability of women to participate in the process of achieving those improvements two indicators of economic power income professional jobs two indicators of political power managerial jobs elected jobs

Gender Empowerment Countries with the highest GEMS are MDCs, especially in North America, Northern Europe and South Pacific

Interactive Gender Gap Map

Malala https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjGL6YY6o Ms&feature=youtu.be

He for She Campaign https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZptgM-jhZo

AIM: Why do less developed countries face obstacles to development? DO NOW: Development Index Review

To reduce disparities between rich and poor countries, LDCs must develop more rapidly. Increasing per capita GDP more rapidly Using additional funds to make more rapid improvements in people’s social and economic conditions

Two Obstacles Adopting policies that successfully promote development Finding funds to pay for development

One of two ways to promote development Self-Sufficiency International Trade

Finding Funds One of two ways to find funds Loans from banks and international organizations Direct investment by transnational corporations

Rostow Model http://www.slideshare.net/geographyallthewa y/ib-geography-develpent-rostow-model