1. Gender and Development
AP Human Geography

2. Why Does Development Vary by Gender?
A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
Sign of development?
Equality between men & women

3. The UN has not found a single country in the world
In an MDC, women …
Have more education
Make more money
Have more decision making power
In an LDC…
you have the opposite
The UN has not found a single country in the world
where women are treated as well as men.

4. the greater the inequality
Measuring Gender Inequality
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Empowerment
The higher the GII,
the greater the inequality
Labor Force
0 = men & women equal
1.0 = women fare as poorly as possible
Reproductive Health

6. Write down 3 facts that you can take away from looking at this map

7. What type of map is this?
Write down 2 facts that you can take away from looking at this map

8. Empowerment The ability of women to achieve
improvements in their own status
(To achieve economic & political power)
Empowerment
The percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature.
No countries with female majorities
Highest %
Europe (~25%)
Lowest %
SW Asia, Africa
USA: 17%
*below many developing regions

10. 2. The percentage of women who have completed high school.
North America: girls more likely than boys to complete HS
Europe: Boys slightly ahead
Developing Countries: 10 boys: 8 girls
South Asia: 10 boys: 5 girls

11. Labor Force Generalization:
Labor Force Participation Rate
Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside the home
Generalization:
Women in developed countries more likely to hold F/T jobs
Developed
100 males: 75 females
Developing
100:65
Lowest Rates
SW Asia & N. Africa
100:35
Highest Rates
Sub Saharan Africa
100:77

12. Maternal Mortality Rate Adolescent Fertility Rate
Reproductive Health
Maternal Mortality Rate
# of women who die in childbirth per 100,000 births
Developed
15 deaths: 100,000 births
Developing
140: 100,000
Sub Saharan Africa
150,000 women & 1.6 million children die each year between onset of labor & 48 hours post
Adolescent Fertility Rate
# of births per 1,000
women aged 15-19
Developed
20 births: 1,000 women
Developing
60: 1,000
Lowest
Europe (8: 1,000)
Highest
Sub Saharan Africa (exceeds 100: 1,000)

14. How is this a correlation to the Gender Inequality Index?
Women in developing regions are more likely to die in
childbirth and give birth as teenagers.
How is this a correlation to the Gender Inequality Index?

15. A Day in the Life of Haitza Ortiz
Southern Sudan: Changing the Odds for Girls

16. The Powerful Truth What Are You Carrying?

17. In nearly every country, there has been a decline in gender inequality since the 1990s.
The Exception?
Greatest Improvements : SW Asia & N. Africa

18. Countries with high HDI’s (Human Development Index) have low GII’s…
Generalization
Countries with high HDI’s (Human Development Index) have low GII’s…
Not the United States
HDI ranked 4th
GII ranked 47
(an increase since 1990s)
WHY?

19. .021
.299
.733

21. So how do we fix this?
Pink and Blue: Communicating Gender to Children (TED)
Always #LIKEAGIRL

22. Measuring Gender Equality
Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
Same measures as HDI, but centered on gender.
Economic
Per capita income M vs. F
Education
Females in school vs. Males in school
% literate females vs. % literate males
Health
Life ex. of females vs. males
Measures the ability of women to participate in the process of improvement.
Economic
Per capita income M vs. F
% of women professional/ technical jobs
Political
% of admin. jobs held by women
% of women in national parliament

23. Global GDI

24. Income

25. Education
FIGURE 9-19

26. Global GEM

27. Seats in Parliament

28. Additional Resources
Population Education Amazing website for lesson ideas related to population. A Girl’s Life Lesson Plan The inequities of women affect population growth and quality of life for all. A Woman’s Place Lesson Plan The status of women influences fertility rates and therefore the rate of population growth. UNGEI: United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative