Chapter 2 Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter 2.2 Mixtures 2.3 Elements and Compounds 2.4 Chemical Reactions Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

State (solid, liquid, gas) Color Melting point Hardness Conductivity Describing Matter Physical Property – characteristic that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing a substance’s composition Examples: State (solid, liquid, gas) Color Melting point Hardness Conductivity Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Physical Properties Intensive Properties Extensive Properties Depend on the type of matter in a sample. Does NOT depend on the amount. Examples: Density Temperature Melting & Freezing Points Boiling Point Concentration Depend on the amount of matter in a sample. Examples: Mass Volume Length Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Identifying a Substance Describing Matter Identifying a Substance Substance - Matter that has a uniform and definite composition We can use intensive properties to identify a substance because every sample of a substance has identical intensive properties. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Physical Properties of Some Substances Interpret Data Physical Properties of Some Substances Substance State Color Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C) Neon Gas Colorless –249 –246 Oxygen –218 –183 Chlorine Greenish-yellow –101 –34 Ethanol Liquid –117 78 Mercury Silvery-white –39 357 Bromine Reddish-brown –7 59 Water 100 Sulfur Solid Yellow 115 445 Sodium chloride White 801 1413 Gold 1064 2856 Copper Reddish-yellow 1084 2562 The states of the substances are given at room temperature. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

States of Matter Copper Video http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nvhe.sci.chemistry.copper/the-value-of-copper/ Copper Price Trend http://www.macrotrends.net/1476/copper-prices-historical-chart-data Value of a Penny http://www.coinflation.com/coins/basemetal_coin_calculator.html Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

State of Matter Depends on: Kinetic Energy – movement of particles States of Matter State of Matter Depends on: Kinetic Energy – movement of particles (temperature) Intermolecular Forces – forces between molecules Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Solids Definite shape and volume. States of Matter Solids Definite shape and volume. Shape does NOT depend on shape of container. Particles packed tightly together. Almost incompressible. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Liquids Particles close together, but NOT rigid or orderly. States of Matter Liquids Particles close together, but NOT rigid or orderly. Indefinite shape because particles are free to flow. Volume is fixed. Almost incompressible. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Takes shape and volume of container. Particles are far apart. States of Matter Gases Takes shape and volume of container. Particles are far apart. Easily compressed. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

Phase changes (boil, freeze, melt, etc.) States of Matter Physical Change Properties of a material changes, but the composition of the material does not change. Examples: Phase changes (boil, freeze, melt, etc.) Size changes (cutting, grinding, filing, etc.) Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .

END OF 2.1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .