1. Chemistry
Properties of Matter
Section 2.1

2. 2.1
Properties of Matter
Bamboo has properties that make it a good choice for use in chopsticks. It has no noticeable odor or taste. It is hard, yet easy to split, and it is heat resistant.
Which of these properties is physical? Which is chemical?

3. 2.1
Properties of Matter
There are 2 types of properties you’ll be studying this year: intensive and extensive

4. Properties of Matter 2.1 Extensive Properties
An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.
The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.

5. Properties of Matter 2.1 Intensive Properties
An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter.
The hardness or density of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property.
Flammability, reactivity, and color are other intensive properties
This bowling ball and candlepin are used in a game played mainly in New England

6. Identifying Substances
2.1
Identifying Substances
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.
Substances may be elements or compounds
The substance seen below is an element: Cu. (Copper)
The copper kettles are about 150 years old.

7. Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
2.1
Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
Will all samples of the same substance have the same extensive properties?
No. Extensive properties depend on the AMOUNT of matter, not what the matter is composed of.
Will all samples of the same substance have the same intensive properties?
Yes. Intensive properties depend on what the matter is composed of.

8. Using Properties to Identify Substances
2.1
Using Properties to Identify Substances
A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.
In other words, observing the property doesn’t change the identity of the substance.
Water is still Water. Paper is still Paper, etc.
Hardness (or density), color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

9. Examples of Physical Properties
2.1
Examples of Physical Properties

10. 2.1
States of Matter
Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

11. States of Matter 2.1 Solids
A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
Particles move in place- vibrate
Attractions are strong enough that particles can’t move past each other
Particles are close together
The arrangement of particles is different in solids, liquids, and gases. In a solid, the particles are packed closely together in a rigid arrangement.

12. States of Matter 2.1 Liquid
A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.
Attractions are strong enough to keep particles close but weak enough to let particles move past each other
The arrangement of particles is different in solids, liquids, and gases. In a liquid, the particles are close together, but they are free to flow past one another.

13. 2.1
States of Matter
Gases
A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Particles have very little attraction for each other and move very quickly, so they can move past each other easily
Particles are far apart
The arrangement of particles is different in solids, liquids, and gases. In a gas, the particles are relatively far apart and can move freely. Relating Cause and Effect Use the arrangements of their particles to explain the general shape and volume of solids and gases.

14. States of Matter
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15. 2.1
States of Matter
Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
Like water vapor

16. 2.1
Physical Changes
During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.
In the picture, you can see Gallium melting- it was gallium when it was solid and still is gallium as a liquid
The silvery substance in the photograph is gallium, which has a melting point of 30°C. Inferring What can you infer about the temperature of the hand holding the gallium?

17. 2.1
Physical Changes
Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.
All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible.
Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.