1. Chapter 2 Matter and Change
Chemistry pg. 38

2. 2.1 Properties of Matter
Properties used to describe matter are classified as:
1. Extensive – depends on the amount of
matter in a sample
ex. Mass, volume
2. Intensive – depends on the type of matter
in a sample, not the amount
ex. Color, hardness, boiling point

3. Substance Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
ex. Gold, copper (pure substances)
Every sample has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition

4. Physical Property
A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Help chemists identify substances
Hardness
Color
Conductivity
Malleability
(see Table 2.1, Pg. 40)

5. Three states of matter
Solid-definite shape, volume, not easily compressed
Liquid-indefinite shape, flows, definite volume, almost incompressible
Gas-indefinite shape, indefinite volume, easily compressed

6. Physical Changes
Properties of a material change but the composition does not
ex. Boil, freeze, melt, condense
AND
break, split, grind, cut, crush
Physical changes can be
REVERSIBLE or IRREVERSIBLE

7. 2.2 Mixtures Physical blend of 2 or more components
ex. Chicken noodle soup, air
Mixtures can be classified as…
HETEROGENOUS or HOMOGENOUS
(based on distribution of components)

8. Matter can be Heterogeneous
The composition is not uniform throughout
More than one phase…so it’s a mixture
-Phase – any region with a uniform set of properties that can be separated from each other by definite boundaries called interfaces

9. Matter can be Homogeneous
The composition is uniform throughout, evenly distributed
Only one phase

10. Identify the following
Concrete __________________________
Vinegar____________________________
Carbon dioxide_____________________
Granite rock________________________
Milk________________________________

11. Separating mixtures
Distillation - a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor which is condensed into a liquid
Other ways?
distillation
How to perform simple distillation in the chemistry lab | Wonder How To

12. 2.3 Elements and Compounds
Substances classified as
1. __________- simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties (O, H)
2. ___________- substance that contains 2 or
more elements chemically combined in a
fixed proportion (C6H12O6)

13. Compounds can be broken down by ______________ means.
Elements cannot be broken down
Chemical change produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
Sugar Carbon + Water

14. Properties of Compounds
Generally, properties of compounds are different from their component elements
Sodium - soft, gray metal, reacts with oxygen +
Chlorine - yellow-green poisonous gas
Sodium chloride
Reaction

15. Distinguishing Substances and Mixtures
If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance
examples?
If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture

16. Classifying Matter

17. Classify the following materials as an element, compound, or mixture.
a. Table salt
b. Salt water
c. Sodium

18. Symbols and Formulas Chemical symbols elements O, C, Na, Ne
Chemical formulas compounds
CO2 , H2O

19. 2.4 Chemical Reactions
Chemical Property – the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change (describes the way a substance may react to form other substances)
examples?
- can be observed only when a substance
undergoes a chemical change

20. Fig (pg. 53)
Chemical reaction S + Fe
*physical - composition of matter never changes
*chemical – composition of matter always
changes
Chemical change = chemical reaction
Reactants Products

21. Reactants Products Chemical change = chemical reaction
(one or more substances change into one
or more new substances)
Reactants Products

22. Recognizing Chemical Changes
4 Ways: 1. Color change 2. Formation of precipitate 3. Production of gas 4. Transfer of energy

23. Precipitate
an insoluble substance that forms in, and separates from, a solution

24. Identify clues for chemical changes
magnesium ribbon in flame
Sodium iodide solution added to mercury(II) chloride solution

25. Law of Conservation of Mass
In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is __conserved______________.
mass of products = mass of reactants