5/31 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now: Global II Final Exam is Thursday, June 2. Important Terms: Do Now: What leader was associated with German Unification, Blood and Iron Policy, The Austro Prussian War, and the Franco Prussian War,? ***Castle Learning Regents Review due Friday***

Global II Regents and Final Exam Review: Enlightenment, French Revolution, Congress of Vienna

The Enlightenment Enlightenment Ideas All individuals have NATURAL RIGHTS The use of REASON would lead to human progress. Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that SOCIETY could best be improved by applying REASON and the LAWS OF NATURE.

The Enlightenment The SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION had a great influence on the Enlightenment ideas of NATURAL LAW and REASON. The SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION and the Enlightenment were similar is that they encouraged the SPREAD OF NEW IDEAS.

The Enlightenment JOHN LOCKE (wrote Two Treatises of Government) GOVERNMENTS SHOULD BE BASED ON CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE the chief role of government was to protect NATURAL RIGHTS

The Enlightenment ROUSSEAU (wrote The Social Contract) Rulers must follow the general will of the people MONTESQUIEU (wrote The Spirit of the Laws) Separation of powers, 3 branches of government VOLTAIRE wrote about the importance of Freedom of speech and religious toleration

The Enlightenment The writings of Jean Jacques ROUSSEAU, Baron de MONTESQUIEU, and John LOCKE were similar in that: each supported the principles of a DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Influenced movements for POLITICAL REFORM

The Enlightenment The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the policies of the ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS. CATHERINE THE GREAT = Enlightened Despot

Other Enlightened Despots Fredrick the Great Maria Theresa Joseph II

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment, American Revolution, and French Revolution were all major influences over LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

The French Revolution Causes of the French Revolution ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS The wars and debt of LOUIS XIV and poor rule of LOUIS XVI INEQUALITIES IN THE TAX STRUCTURE THIRD ESTATE paid ALL the taxes, First and Second paid ALMOST NO taxes

The French Revolution Inspired other peoples seeking democracy and independence (Latin American Rev’s)

The French Revolution ROBESPIERRE and the Reign of Terror After a few years of an unstable gov’t the RADICAL JACOBIN CLUB comes to power Robespierre started Reign of Terror = PURGED AND VIOLENTLY KILLED his opponents (anti-revolutionaries) Reign of Terror ended with ROBESPIERRE’S DEATH

Napoleon Nationalist leader that provided STABILITY for the nation. Created codified laws NAPOLEONIC CODE Expanded the French Empire (1799-1815) with the NAPOLEONIC WARS Finally defeated in Russia because of the SEVERE WINTERS and LARGE SIZE The loss at the BATTLE OF WATERLOO ended the Age of Napoleon

Napoleon Inspired NATIONALISTIC FEELINGS in countries he conquered Followed by the Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna 1815: treaty signed after the DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON dominated by AUSTRIAN PRINCE METTERNICH who wanted to restore power of monarchs REDREW THE MAP OF EUROPE

Congress of Vienna Tried to establish a balance of power Contributed to the rise of nationalistic feelings in countries who were placed under foreign control

Forced Famine in the Ukraine Human Rights Abuses Before 1945   Armenian Genocide The Holocaust Forced Famine in the Ukraine Rape of Nanking

Human Rights Abuses Nuremburg Trials * showed that leaders would be held responsible for war crimes and genocide United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1945): *Document that adopted by the U.N. that sets out the basic human rights of all individuals *Hoped to prevent genocide and human rights abuses  

Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans Human Rights Abuses After 1945   Cambodian Genocide Rwandan Genocide Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans Gassing of the Kurds