1. Enlightenment, French Revolution, Napoleon, Latin American Revolution
Test Review

2. Enlightenment Ideas opposed absolute monarchy
Influenced by the Scientific Revolutions use of reason and natural
John Locke believed all people had natural rights of Life, Liberty, and property; gov’t protects peoples basic rights and if not can be overthrown; influenced Jefferson and the writing of the Declaration of Independence

3. Enlightenment
Montesquieu: separation o powers and 3 branches of government
Voltaire: Freedom of speech and press; religious freedom and toleration
Rousseau: support the statement that all men are created equal; people make agreement to follow the “general will”

4. According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to:
Protect natural rights
Fight territorial wars
Ensure the wealth of citizens
Redistribute land

5. Which idea became a central belief of the Enlightenment?
The use of reason would lead to human progress.
Mathematics could be used to solve all human problems.
The ancient Romans had the best form of government.
People should give up their natural rights to their rulers.

6. Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, Rousseau’s The Social Contract, and Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws were works written during which time period?
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Reformation

7. Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that society could best be improved by:
relying on faith and divine right
borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome
applying reason and the laws of nature
studying the practices of successful leaders ruling cities of 100,000 to 300,000 people

8. The ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu most influenced:
the growing power of priests in the Roman Catholic Church
improvements in the working conditions of factory workers
the rise of industrial capitalism
movements for political reform

9. The Enlightenment philosophers believed that the power of government is derived from:
divine right ruler
the middle class
a strong military
those who are governed

10. Causes of the French Revolution
The wars and debt of Louis XIV
Weak leadership of Louis XVI
inequalities in the tax structure
Third Estate paid ALL the taxes, First and Second paid no taxes
Inspired by the American Revolution and Enlightenment

11. Robespierre and the Reign of Terror
After a few years of an unstable gov’t the radical Jacobin Club comes to power
Robespierre and other radicals started Reign of Terror
Committee of Public Safety
purged and violently killed his opponents (anti-revolutionaries)
Reign of Terror ended after Robespierre’s death

12. Napoleon Nationalist leader that provided stability for France
Expanded the French Empire ( ) with the Napoleonic Wars
Finally defeated in Russia because of the harsh winter and large size
loss at the Battle of Waterloo ended the Age of Napoleon
Followed by the Congress of Vienna
Increased Nationalism and spread ideals of the revolution through Europe

13. What was a major cause of the French Revolution?
inequalities in the tax structure
economic success of mercantilism
failure of the Congress of Vienna
Continental System in Europe

14. Which factors protected Russia from control by Napoleon’s army?
religious and cultural similarities
industrialization and modernization
geographic size and location
political and economic instability

15. Which geographic factor in Russia played a role in Napoleon’s defeat in 1812 and Hitler’s defeat at Stalingrad in 1943?
Siberian tundra
Caspian Sea
arid land
harsh climate

16. Which description most accurately describes the Reign of Terror
limited the power of absolute leaders
illustrated the power of public opinion in forming national policy
established social stability and economic growth
used violent methods to eliminate their opponents

17. Which document created during the French Revolution expressed reflected enlightenment ideas of natural law?
The Magna Carta
The Petition of Right
The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
The Declaration of Independence

18. Which European ruler was most responsible for stirring nationalistic feelings across Europe and Latin America
King Louis XVI
George Washington
Czar Alexander II
Napoleon

19. Latin American Revolutions
Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread from Europe and the United States to Latin America
Inspired by the American and French Revolutions
Enlightenment ideas
Nationalistic feelings

20. Latin American Revolutionary Leaders
Lead liberation movements in their countries
Encouraged nationalistic feelings within their countries
Haiti- Toussaint L’ Ouverture
South America- Simon Bolivar
South America- Jose de San Martin
Mexico-Miguel Hidalgo

21. 1) Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, and Toussaint L’ Ouverture are best known as:
Scientists who supported the heliocentric theory
Leaders of the Latin American Independence movements
Early Spanish explorers
Communist leaders of the 19th century

22. 2) The Enlightenment and the American Revolution were both major influences on 19th century uprisings in:
Latin America
The Middle East
Austria
Japan

23. 2) The Enlightenment and the American Revolution were both major influences on 19th century uprisings in:
Latin America
The Middle East
Austria
Japan