November 28, 2016 bell ringer: Your health is affected by the decisions you make regarding risk behaviors. What strategies do you use to help you make responsible decisions? Chapter 25 lesson 1&2 objective: discuss abstinence from sexual activity as the only method that is 100% effective in preventing pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and the sexual transmission of HIV.

Make up for Chapter 22 due December 2, 2016 Chantelle has been invited to a party at her friend Natasha’s house. When chantelle arrives, she is surprised to see people drinking alcohol beverages. Natasha’s parents are not home. Chantelle walks over to Natasha. “What kind of party is this?” she asks. “It’s a high-school party,” Natasha says. “Here, have a beer.” “No thanks,” Chantelle responds. “Won’t your parents be upset if they see this?” “Don’t Worry, Natasha says. “They won’t be home for hours. Here, have a drink, it’ll loosen you up.” Chantelle knows she needs to communicate her refusal and leave the party. What would you do? 2 paragraphs what you would do and how you are going to do it. Remember, say no firmly. Explain why. Suggest alternatives. Back up your words with body language and leave if needed.

Words to know sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Sexually transmitted infections Epidemics Abstinence Human papillomavirus (HPV) Chlamydia Genital herpes Gonorrhea Trichomoniasis syphilis

STDs: the Hidden Epidemic Throughout history people have been faced with epidemics, which is occurrences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected. An estimated 65 million people in the US are living with an incurable STD. Many of these are undiagnosed and untreated. WHY? This is due to many people with an STD are asymptomatic- without symptoms. They do not seek treatment because they don’t know they are infected.

High-Risk Behavior and STDs In the US teens make up one quarter of the estimated 15 million new cases of STDs each year. That is more than 10,000 young people infected EVERY.DAY. Why are teens at particularly high risk for infection from STDs?

Teens who are sexually active are likely to participate in one/more of the following high-risk behaviors: Being Sexually active with more than one person: Includes having a series of sexual relationships with one person at a time. Most teens are unaware of a partner’s past behavior or whether they have an STD or not. Engaging in unprotected sex: Even protected sex is not 100% effective. What is? Selecting high-risk partners: this includes those with a history of being sexually active with more than one person or who has used injected illegal drugs. Using alcohol and other drugs: alcohol use can lower inhibitions.

Consequences of STDs Most people, including teens, are not fully aware of the consequences of STDs. These are serious infections that can dramatically change the course of your life: Some are incurable: Pathogens that cause STDs cannot be eliminated from the body. The viruses the cause genital herpes and AIDS remain in the body FOR LIFE. Some STDs cause cancer: The Hepatitis B virus can cause cancer of the liver. The HPV can cause cancer of the cervix.

Consequences of STDs Some STDs can cause complications that affect the ability to reproduce. Females specifically can develop pelvic inflammatory disease which damages reproductive organs Some STDs can be passed from an infected female to her child before, during or after birth. STDs can damage the bones, nervous system and brain of a fetus.

The importance and Benefits of Abstinence Have you ever experienced how an action that has a result demonstrates a cause- and-effect relationship? Ex- touching a hot stove, is the cause, of sustaining a burn, which is the result. A clear cause-and-effect relationship exists between sexual intercourse in any form and sexually transmitted infection.

Importance and Benefits of Abstinence If you have sexual contact with an infected person, you are putting yourself at risk of being infected with an STD. Out of Sexual activity and STD, which is the cause and which is the effect? Sexual activity is the cause – an STD is the effect.

Don’t take that chance!

Brain Teaser: What are the differences in the two pictures?

Common STIs Human Papillomavirus: HPV, is a virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection. HPV is considered the MOST common STD in the US. The CDC estimated that 50 to 75% of sexually active males and females acquire HPV infection at some time during their life. A pap test and other medical exams may detect changes. There is no treatment.

Genital Warts Pink or reddish wars with cauliflower like tops that appear on the genitals, vagina, or cervix one to three months after infection from HPV. Highly contagious and spread by any form of sexual contact with an infected person. May take up to three months for warts to appear. Treatments can rid the body of the warts but not the virus. Can result in cervical cancer and cancer of the penis.

Chlamydia Bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both male and female. 40% of cases are reported in teens 15 to 19 years old. This is asymptomatic (there is no visible symptom), in 75% of females and 50% of infected males. Because of this, it often goes undetected until serious complications occur. In females who are untreated, the infection can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PTD) and could lead to premature birth, or infants born with eye disease/pneumonia. In males untreated, it could lead to infertility.

Chlamydia

Genital Herpes STD caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). 2 types: Type 1: usually cause cold sores Type 2: usually cause genital sores Both types can infect mouth and genitals. Nationwide about 20% of total adolescent population is infected with this virus. Genital herpes is twice as common in adults from 20 to 29 years old today as it was 20 years ago. Most are asymptomatic (what did this mean?) The herpes virus is potentially fatal to infants who contract the virus.

Gonorrhea Bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes. Highest rates of gonorrhea infection are found In females from 15 to 19 years and males from 20 to 24 years old. Approximately 50% of females with this have no symptoms A person can be re-infected if exposed again to the bacteria. If untreated, it can lead to infertility in both male and females. It can also spread through bloodstream and cause permanent damage to the joints.

Trichomoniasis STD caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder. About 5 million new cases of this disease are estimated to occur every year in the US. Females may have no symptoms. Males usually show no symptoms.

Syphilis An STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete. 1st sign is a painless reddish sore called chancre. Eventually, the disease can damage internal organs, including the heart, liver, nervous system, and kidneys. If left untreated, the person is at risk of paralysis, convulsions, blindness and heart disease.

Answer in your journal In addition to having accurate information, what else should you know or do to avoid infections from STDs? Why is it so important for people to get tested if they think they have an STD? Why is it important for people not to treat an STD on their own? Answer these questions with a partner and we will discuss your answers.