FOOT & ANKLE

LOWER LEG BONES: Tibia: Medial Malleolus Fibula Lateral Malleolus

FOOT BONES: Tarsal Bones: Metatarsal Bones: Phalanges: Calcaneus Talus Cuboid Navicular Cuneiform Bones (3) Metatarsal Bones: 1-5 (Medial to Lateral) Phalanges: Proximal Middle Distal

SESMOID BONE: SMALL BONES AT THE BASE OF THE 1ST METATARSAL THAT ACTS TO PROTECT THE TENDON AND INCREASE ITS MECHANICAL EFFECT BY HOLDING THE TENDON SLIGHTLY FURTHER AWAY FROM THE JOINT

FOOT JOINTS: Foot Joints: MetaTarsalPhalangeal (MTP) Proximal InterPhalangeal (PIP) Distal InterPhalangeal (DIP) TarsoMetatarsal

LATERAL ANKLE: [LIGAMENTS:] Lateral Ligaments: Anterior Talofibular ligament (ATFL) Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL) Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)

MEDIAL ANKLE: [Ligaments:] Deltoid Ligaments: 4 ligaments: Posterior Tibio Talar Tibio Calcaneal Tibio Navicular Anterior Tibio Talar

ANKLE MOVEMENTS: INVERSION (SUPINATION) EVERSION (PRONATION) PLANTARFLEXION DORSIFLEXION

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG/ANKLE:

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT: DORSIFLEXORS ASSISTS WITH INVERSION MMT BY RESISTING DORSIFLEXION

LATERAL COMPARTMENT: EVERSION MMT BY RESISTING EVERSION

DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT: PLANTARFLEXION ASSISTS WITH INVERSION MMT BY RESISTING PLANTARFLEXION AND INVERSION

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT: PLANTARFLEXION MMT BY RESISTING PLANTARFLEXION

PLANTAR FASCIA: THICK BAND OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE ON THE SOLE OF THE FOOT SPANNING FROM THE HEEL (CALCANEUS) TO THE TOES ITS PURPOSE IS TO SUPPORT THE ARCH ON THE BOTTOM OF THE FOOT

ARCHES OF THE FOOT: ARCHES OF THE FOOT ARE FORMED BY THE BONES (TARSALS AND METATARSALS) AND STRENGTHENED BY LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS.

ARCHES OF THE FOOT: A HIGH OR FLAT ARCH CAN EFFECT THE FOOT ALIGNMENT AND CAN CAUSE INJURIES HIGH ARCH:PES CAVUS FLAT ARCH:PES PLANUS

ANKLE INJURIES:

SPRAIN IS AN INJURY TO A LIGAMENT ANKLE/FOOT SPRAIN: SPRAIN IS AN INJURY TO A LIGAMENT

ANKLE SPRAINS: Inversion Ankle Sprain: Ankle sprain when the foot turns inward (inversion) and causes damage to one or more of the lateral ligaments. Approximately 90% of all ankle sprains are inversion ankle sprains. 135 LBS of force to rupture!

ANKLE SPRAINS: Eversion Ankle Sprain: Ankle sprain when the foot turns outward (eversion) and causes damage to one or more of the deltoid ligaments. Only about 5% of all ankle sprains are eversion ankle sprains. Medial ankle ligaments are a lot stronger. 900 lbs of force to rupture!

ANKLE SPRAINS: High Ankle Sprain: Ankle sprain when the foot turns outward (eversion) and/or into dorsiflexion causing the tibia and fibula to separate and stretch the Tibio-Fibular ligament.

ANKLE/FOOT STRAIN: INJURY TO A MUSCLE OR TENDON

ANKLE/FOOT FRACTURE: FRACTURE OR BREAK TO ANY OF THE BONES OF THE LOWER LEG, ANKLE OR FOOT

LISFRANC INJURY: INJURY TO THE MIDFOOT IN WHICH ONE OR ALL OF THE METATARSAL BONES BECOMES DISPLACED FROM THE TARSAL BONES.

PLANTAR FASCIITIS: SORENESS AND INFLAMMATION OF THE PLANTAR FASCIA

TENDONITIS: SORENESS OR INFLAMMATION OF A TENDON. USUALLY IN THIS CASE THE ACHILLES TENDON THAT CONNECTS THE CALF (GASTROCNEMIUS) TO THE HEEL (CALCANEUS)

INJURIES TO THE ARCHES: ARCH INJURIES CAN BE SPRAINS OR STRAINS ARCH INJURIES CAN CAUSE PAIN TO THE FOOT (ARCH ITSELF), ANKLE, KNEE, HIP, BACK