1. Athletic Training Foot, Ankle and Lower Leg
Mr. Brewer

2. Bones of the Foot
The Bones of the foot can be broken down into three categories (from distal to proximal).
1. The Phalanges (Toes)
2. The Metatarsals (Mid-foot)
3. The Tarsals

3. Bones of the Foot Phalanges - “toes” and also “fingers” in the hand.
The Great Toe has 2 phalanges.
The other 4 toes all have 3 phalanges.
Distal, Middle and Proximal phalanges.

4. Bones of the Foot Metatarsals:
1st Metatarsal is the long bone on the medial side of the foot.
5th Metatarsal is the long bone on the lateral side of the foot.

5. Bones of the Foot Tarsals: Cuneiforms(3) Cuboid Navicular Calcaneus
Medial, Intermediate and Lateral
Cuboid
Navicular
Calcaneus
Talus

6. Bones of the Lower Leg
Tibia – The larger of the two lower leg muscles in both size and in regards to weight bearing.
(Up to ~94% at times, depending on foot position.)
Fibula - With the ankle joint in neutral position, the weight distribution to the fibula amounted to 6.4%.

7. Lateral and Medial Malleolus
The distal portions of both the tibia and fibula form the Medial and Lateral Malleolus.
Medial Malleolus = Distal Tibia
Lateral Malleolus = Distal Fibula

8. Bones of the Foot and Lower Leg

9. Ligaments of the Foot and Ankle
Lateral Ankle:
Anterior TaloFibular Ligament (ATF)
CalcaneoFibular Ligament (CF)
Posterior TaloFibular Ligament (PTF)

10. Medial Ankle The Deltoid Ligament:
A combination of 3 ligaments that make up for a very strong group of ligaments in the medial ankle.
A very difficult ligament to sprain.

11. Syndesmotic Joint
There are 2 major ligaments that hold the Tibia and Fibula together down at the ankle joint.
Anterior Tibiofibular joint (inferior)
Posterior Tibiofibular joint (inferior)

12. Joints of the Lower Leg and Foot
Talocrural Joint – “The Ankle Joint” - Joint made up of the tibia, fibula and talus. - Hinge Joint that is responsible for platarflexion and dorsiflexion. Subtalar Joint – - Joint located “under” the Talus. - Made up of Talus and Calcaneus. - This joint allows for unique movements on a slanted axis.

13. Arches Medial Longitudinal Arch – The highest of the 3 arches.
Composed of the calcaneus, talus, cuneiforms and the first 3 metatarsals.
Lateral Longitudinal Arch –
Lower and flatter arch.
Composed of the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals.
Transverse Arch –
The 3rd arch of the foot runs medial <-> lateral.
Composed of cuneiforms, cuboid, and the 5th metatarsal bone.

14. Arches Cont’d