Its Impact on Africa & Asia Imperialism Its Impact on Africa & Asia

Essential Question: To what degree was Nationalism a contributing factor to both imperialism and anti-imperialism?

The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man’s Burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait in heavy harness On fluttered fold and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

Martyr by David Diop The White Man killed my father, My father was proud. The White Man seduced my mother, My mother was beautiful. The White Man burnt my brother beneath the noonday sun. My brother was strong. His hands red with black blood The White Man turned to me; And in the Conqueror’s Voice said, “Boy! A chair, a napkin, a drink.”

Long Range Causes Industrial Revolution European Nationalism Social Darwinism Slave Trade in Africa

Immediate Causes Availability of raw materials in Africa & Asia Potential Markets in Africa & Asia Internal Rivalries in Asia Superior European Weapon Technology

British Raj in India British found city of Calcutta, 1690 British East India ruled Bengal 1765-1858 Sepoy Rebellion against British, 1857 India became British Colony Indian National Congress began fight for Independence 1885

Indian Independence Mohandas K. Gandhi Nonviolent civil disobedience

European Control of China 1517 Portuguese establish Embassy 1557 Portugal established Macao 1700’s British tea trade in Canton Opium Wars, 1839-42, 1856-60 Taiping Rebellion, 1850-64 Boxer Rebellion, 1900

Western Impact on Japan 1543 Portugal made contact 1633 Japan closed trade & contact with Europe 1853 U.S. Commodore Perry visited Japan 1868--Meiji Restoration—Japan modernized 1905—Japan defeated Russia = world power 1941—Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

How did Western Imperialism affect Asia? India—colony of Great Britain. China—European spheres of influence weakened & corrupted Chinese Empire. Japan—kept Europeans out, then modernized to compete with Europeans as equals.

Impact of European Colonization on Africa

Exploration of Africa David Livingston Stanley

British Involvement in Africa slave traders 1830-1880 combat slave trade 1880-1914 establish colonies Zanzibar

European powers negotiated & formalized claims to territory in Africa Berlin Conference 1884-1885 European powers negotiated & formalized claims to territory in Africa

East Africa How Africa Was Divided Victoria got Mt. Kenya the Kaiser got Mt. Kilimanjaro the Maasai were separated into to colonies

Two Reasons for Colonies Export Goods Most of Africa France Belgium Italy Portugal British West Africa Import People British Kenya German Tanzania Dutch & British in South Africa, Zambia & Zimbabwe

“This Magnificent African Cake” Belgium Congo “This Magnificent African Cake” personal empire mining & rubber forced labor torture & maiming Leopold II

Coffee, tea, tobacco, cotton, rubber Cash Crops for Export Coffee, tea, tobacco, cotton, rubber

South Africa & Rhodesia Dutch (Boers) & British settlers fought for control of Southern Africa Cecil Rhodes & British defeat the Dutch & control region World’s largest supply of diamonds and gold

Effects of Immigration from Europe Loss of Land Africans became workers on European plantations on the very land they once owned. Taxation Hut Tax and Head Tax 2nd Class Citizens not allowed to attend schools segregation laws

Nana Yaa Asantewa Asante Queen Mother led her people in battle against the British to save Golden Stool Stopped British colonization for 20 years

By 1900 only 2 African Nations remained independent... Ethiopia Liberia

Legacy of Colonialism Problems African Nations Face: Political Instability--dictators and ethnic conflicts > arbitary boundaries Debt--money owed to the World Bank, wealth exported during colonialism famine--food shortages caused by growing cash crops for export to pay debt

Legacy of Colonialism European Benefits of Colonialism were not shared with the African People Africans have yet to benefit from European Democracy & Capitalism

Immediate Effects of European Imperialism Exploitation of Colonial resources Collapse of Local African & Asian Economies Inhumane Treatment of Local Populations Increase in European Conflicts & their worldwide impact Spread of Christianity

Long Range Effects Breakdown of Traditional Culture Spread of European technology, culture, & values 3rd World Debt & Economic Handicap Improved health care & education Ethnic conflicts in Africa & Asia