1. AP EURO Unit #5 – Nationalism of 19th Century PPT #511 Imperialism and Migration of Late 19th Century

2. Essential Questions
23. Why was Europe able to subdue the world during the 19th Century? 24. What was the motivating factors for the new European Imperialism of the 19th Century?

3. The Great Migration Population doubled during 19th Century
188 million in 1800
432 million in 1900
Why?
Agricultural revolution – food supply increased
Efficiency made fewer farmers needed

4. The Great Migration Mass emigration
60 million just left Europe
11 million in just
Usually the more successful farmers/artisans
Looking for opportunity
Most were young, single – in the prime of their lives…
How would this effect Europe?
How would this effect USA?
Where else would they go?

6. Western Imperialism Why would European nations want colonies?
Think … industrial Revolution…
Cheap resources
People to “buy” there stuff
During the final 1/3 of century…
1/5 of land
1/10 of all population
Came to be controlled and “owned” by Europeans

11. Motivating factors for imperialism
Invest in land
What effect will superior technology have on how the Europeans see themselves?
Read White Man’s Burden
Make world more like your home
They could subdue, trick or force THIRD WORLD regions to succumb

12. Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899
This famous poem, written by Britain's imperial poet, was a response to the American take over of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War. Born in British India in 1865, Rudyard Kipling was educated in England before returning to India in 1882, where his father was a museum director and authority on Indian arts and crafts. He wrote the Jungle book in the mid-1890s, then this prose in 1899, encouraging the Americans to be responsible to their new colony.
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.

13. Egypt Started behaving independent of Ottoman control as early as 1805
Muhammad Ali appointed governor – pushed for Arab autonomy
Encouraged public works projects – created massive debt – led to Br/Fr occupation
Suez Canal
French built
British partial owners

14. Africa Only 10% colonized by 1880 New Imperialism Only coastline
Fueling to get to India and far east
New Imperialism
Spirit of competition
all of Africa compromised by 1900
THE “SCRAMBLE” FOR AFRICA
What happened?
Why?

15. Conflict in Africa Cecil Rhodes South Africa
Gold and silver mines
Diamond mines
Rhodesia
South Africa
Boar War –
Boar = Settlers from Netherlands (Afrikaners)
Zaire (Democratic Republic of Africa
King Leopold of Belgium
British took over Egypt 1882
Vital to control of Suez & cotton industry there

16. Germany in Africa Bismarck saw this “scramble” as dangerous
Berlin Conference of 1884
Bismarck reluctantly agreed to some colonies
Took a few pieces of land on coasts

17. China Interest grew: 1800s – British sought to rebalance trade
1700s: 200 chests/year
By start of 1800s: 4,500 chests
by 1838: 40,000 chests
China had controlled trade – arrogant & proud
1800s – British sought to rebalance trade
Used opium from India to get youth addicted
Led to Opium War (1839)
British won - created SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
Dispute led to Second Opium WAR (1856)
Br. And Fr. Together – started carving up China

18. India Spices, mostly Investments from Portugal, Britain and France
British hired Indian soldiers (Sepoys)
Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
British Annexation
British Empire
British “Raj”
Modern roads, RR, irrigation, schools…