1. Imperialism & Nationalism

2. What is Imperialism?
Due to Industrialization, European nations wanted more resources to fuel their production.
European nations looked to areas that they could colonize and exploit for resources and raw materials.
People in Africa and Asia found themselves politically, economically, and socially controlled by European powers.

3. “OLD” IMPERIALISM
1500s-1700s European nations searched to find trade routes to gain more wealth
Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, England, France colonized the Americas
Led to wars (like French and Indian)
Possible anecdotes: French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War), Spanish and Portuguese competition in Latin America, etc.

4. New Imperialism
No longer about setting up colonies or exercising direct control over areas
It was about economic reasons!
New Markets
Raw Materials
Acquiring Territory
Possible anecdote: The loss of colonies in the Americas helped spur interest in new colonies while also illustrating the need for change in the nature of imperialism.

5. There are 3 key reasons for the rise of Imperialism in the 19th Century

6. The Industrial Revolution
European powers wanted markets to sell their finished goods (like textiles)
Also needed sources of raw materials (like cotton)

7. 2. Nationalism
People within countries begin to recognize their common culture, languages, history, shared territory, and religion.
People become loyal to a nation over kings or empires, and protecting that nation becomes a priority.
Nations build military bases like Pearl Harbor

8. 3.Belief in European Superiority
Social Darwinism and racism- at the time, non-Europeans (and Americans) were considered less intelligent and less physically developed.
“White Man’s Burden”- poem by Rudyard Kipling expressing that white men needed to care for the less advanced.

9. White Man’s Burden, by Rudyard Kipling
Take up the White Man’s burden—
Send forth the best ye breed—
Go send your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child

11. The Scramble for Africa

12. Background on Africa
European misconception that Africa was not civilized...wealthy kingdoms and rich cultures existed!
In 15th c. Europeans established ports on the coasts of Africa for trade.
Lacked technology to travel into interior
Disease discouraged European expeditions

13. Background on Africa
Europeans become interested in Africa when a newspaper begins reporting on a missing medical missionary-David Livingstone.
In 1871, an American reporter, Henry Stanley, finds Livingstone after 30 years.
Belgium King Leopold II hired Stanley to set up settlements to colonize the Congo.

14. The Congo
King Leopold II
Ruled

15. Berlin Congress
14 European nations met in Berlin, Germany to “carve up” Africa
No African countries were invited

16. Berlin Congress
Only Liberia & Ethiopia (Christian Empire) were not claimed
All nations agreed at the time to stop the slave trade in Africa

18. Modern Day Exploitation of Africa
Blood
Diamonds

19. BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA

20. Setting the Stage British East India Company Agents
1600s – British East India Company established trading posts in Bombay, India.
In 1700, Britain had little success in Asia and Africa
By the late 1700s, the British would expand their power elsewhere
Why? New technologies (Industrial Rev.) and weakening empires (Mughal Empire)
British East India Company Agents

22. British East India Company
Created to control trade between Britain, India, and East Asia
Goal: Profit from selling cotton cloth, silk & sugar
British defeat of France in Seven Year’s War ( ) leaves them the major power in India

23. British East India Company
The company built telegraph, railroads, postal service and schools
The British said they were there to restore order but they manipulated Indian rulers
British introduced new education system and the English language
India was the most important colony… referred to as the “Jewel in the Crown”

24. British East India Company
British shipped opium from India to China in exchange for tea they sent to England
Indians resented British interference
Indians not allowed high level positions in Company
British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India

25. The Sepoy Mutiny By 1857, British-India relations were strained
The Sepoys were Indian soldiers who fought in British army
A new British rifle was introduced
Sepoys had to bite off the end of the ammunition cartridge, greased with pork and beef fat
This offended Sepoy Muslims and Hindu

26. The Sepoy Mutiny Extreme violence broke out
British send reinforcements and put down mutiny in 1858
British government takes command of India away from British East India Company
The British government would rule directly in India

27. Areas of Sepoy Mutiny

28. Toward Independence 1885: Hindus formed the Indian National Congress
→ Mahatma Gandhi “Great One”
1906: Muslims created the Muslim League

29. Toward Independence
Gandhi persuaded Indians to practice passive resistance
→ followers refused to obey British laws, serve in the military, pay taxes.
→ arrests and beating took place
1947: British weakened by WWII → grant India independence → divide country in two
→ Muslim Pakistan (NW & NE India)
→ Republic of India