Leading Causes of Death in US Teens ages 15-24 All ages Accidents Homicide Suicide Heart Disease Cancer Strokes Chronic Low respiratory diseases Accidents

Non-communicable-diseases associated with life style choices, genetics Causes Examples Congenital Hereditary Environmental Life-style Heart or lung defects Hemophilia or cancer Melanoma Lung Cancer

Pathogen Flu, colds, Strep throat, Hepatitis, HIV Communicable Disease- can be passed from person to person, from food or water, animals and environment Cause Examples Pathogen Flu, colds, Strep throat, Hepatitis, HIV

A Pathogen is Microscopic organism which invades the body and attacks its cells and tissues Types: Bacteria – Complete cell, antibiotic sensitive, resident Virus – incomplete cell, small particle, requires a host cell to live

Fungi-plantlike organisms (molds and yeast) Protozoan- single cells organisms that are larger and more complex internally than bacteria (malaria) Parasites – get their energy from feeding off other living organisms

Pathogen’s have these requirements: 1. Food Supply 2. Temperature 3. Darkness

Immune System-defends the body against diseases Lymphatic system- a network of vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph throughout the body. Lymphocytes-white blood cells that destroy bacteria, viruses, and dead or damaged cells. B cells –Make antibodies that battle viruses in in the blood T Cells-directly attack cells that have been infected by viruses

Passive Immunity using antibodies to fight off a pathogen, can be passed from mother to child as well Active Immunity fighting disease by producing antibodies due to (i.e. environmental exposure or vaccination) Natural Immunity your body's natural ability to fight off infection

LEUKOCYTES-DESTROY ORGANISMS AND PRODUCE ANTI-BODIES Resistance to Disease STRESS, POOR NUTRITION, SMOKING, LACK OF SLEEP, ALCOHOL—LOWER RESISTANCE LEUKOCYTES-DESTROY ORGANISMS AND PRODUCE ANTI-BODIES SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRAINS (CILIA) AND BODY FLUIDS (SWEAT, TEARS, STOMACH ACID)

Sources of Transmitting 1. Directly-from person to person a. sneezing, coughing, speaking, open sores 2. Indirectly-no contact a. food, water, silverware, water bottles,

Incubation Period Pathogen enters body and multiply Symptoms may occur from a few hours to several days

Common Diseases Incubation period 18-48 hours Cold-virus Influenza-virus Incubation period 18-48 hours No cure, only relief (Drinking liquids and rest) A cold is still contagious after symptoms have appeared Undergoes mutations which causes epidemics Incubation period 1-3 days no cure only prevention which include vaccinations and rest

Spread through saliva and other unknown ways Hepatitis-virus Mononucleosis-virus Swelling of the liver Symptoms include fever, vomiting, yellow skin Causes –contaminated food, water, unclean hypodermic needles Cure—only vaccination, practicing good hygiene symptoms- weakness, tiredness, cold symptoms which last for weeks or months Spread through saliva and other unknown ways Can be diagnosed through blood test

Symptoms-heaviness in chest, coughing , wheezing Strep Throat-bacteria Pneumonia-bacteria or virus Symptoms sore throat, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck Untreated can lead to inflammation of the kidney and rheumatic fever Treated with antibiotic Symptoms-heaviness in chest, coughing , wheezing Bacterial you can treat with antibiotics

Symptoms usually appear between five and 15 days after a bite West Nile Virus MRSA- (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Symptoms usually appear between five and 15 days after a bite Severe headaches, fever, nausea and vomiting, disorientation, chills, muscle aches, pain, stiffness MRSA is a bacteria that causes skin infections Fever, chills, low blood pressure, joint pains, headaches, shortness of breath, and rash over most of the body These symptoms need immediate attention

Zika Zika is a virus that is primarily spread through infected mosquitoes. Symptoms when present are mild and last less than a week. It includes red eyes, joint pain, fever, headaches, and a rash. During pregnancy Zika can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly.

Treatment antibiotics Sinus Infection- bacterial Meningitis-bacterial, viral, fungi, Symptoms headache; tenderness of the sinuses; greenish mucus; and feeling of pressure in your head Treatment antibiotics An inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord; Symptoms sever headache, fever, stiff neck, sensitivity to light and nausea Treatment antibiotics, if bacterial and caught early

Ebola- virus The incubation period 2 to 21 days. Symptoms fever fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. This is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, symptoms of impaired kidney and liver function, and in some cases, both internal and external bleeding Transmission human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids. Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms. Treatment and vaccines Supportive care-rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids- and treatment of specific symptoms, improves survival.

Symptoms skin becomes itchy and red; lesions may appear Athlete’s foot- fungal Ringworm- fungal Symptoms skin becomes itchy and red; lesions may appear in a circle Spread with contact skin on skin, clothing, surface areas This needs a warm moist area Treatment over-the-counter medications Symptoms skin becomes itchy and red; lesions may appear Treatment over the counter medications