1. Diseases
Infectious diseases=organisms that enter, live in and multiply within the body
Pathogens=organisms that cause disease
*If they enter your body and multiply they
create an infection and you develop a disease

2. Types of Pathogens
1.) Bacteria=simple, single celled organisms that live almost anywhere (air, surfaces, food)
Bacterial diseases include:
Strep throat
Meningitis
Tuberculosis
Lyme disease – spread through tick bites

3. Treating Bacterial Diseases
Antibiotic- a drug that inhibits or kills bacteria.
Prescription medicine only available with a written order from a qualified healthcare professional.
Important to use as prescribed to avoid developing resistance from the medication.

4. Under a microscope, they look like balls or rods
Under a microscope, they look like balls or rods. They are so small that a line of 1,000 could fit across a pencil eraser. Most bacteria won't hurt you less than 1 percent makes people sick. Many are helpful. Some bacteria help to digest food and destroy disease-causing cells. Bacteria are also used in making healthy foods like yogurt and cheese.

5. 2.) Viruses
The smallest pathogens, can multiply only by entering a living cell
Viruses include:
Common cold
Hepatitis
Mononucleosis
Rabies

6. Treating Viral Infections
Viral diseases have no cure so the body must fight off the infection.
Best treatment for viral infections are rest, a well-balanced diet and plenty of fluids.

7. 3.) Protozoan
Single-celled organisms that have the ability to move through fluids in search of food.
Protozoan diseases=Toxoplasmosis, malaria,
amoebic dysentery

8. Cured with antifungal creams or sprays
4.) Fungi
Simple organisms related to molds that live in dark warm moist areas.
Fungal Infections=athletes foot, ringworm
yeast infection
Cured with antifungal creams or sprays

9. Body Defenses Against Diseases
Your body protects itself from infection in 3 ways.
Physical & Chemical defenses
Inflammation
Immune System

10. Physical & Chemical Defenses
Skin=1st line of defense
Sweat=contains acids that kill bacteria
Mouth, eyes, nose=contains mucous membranes
Cilia=tiny hair like structures that line air passages
Stomach acids=acid kills bacteria
Digestive Tract=flushes away bacteria
Urine=kills pathogens with acid

11. Body’s response to all cuts and
Inflammation
Body’s response to all cuts and
internal damage
Phagocytes=W.B.C. eat up foreign cells and kill
unwanted pathogens, gives off a clear liquid or pus

12. Inflammation Process
Fights infection and promotes the healing process
Inflammation process begins within seconds after injury
R.I.C.E – Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate

13. Most sophisticated line of defense
Immune system
Most sophisticated line of defense
Can seek out and destroy pathogens
“B” Cells “T” Cells
Generals Soldiers

14. Cells Helper “T” cells Killer “T” cells Suppressor “T” cells
Helper “T” cells help fight infection

15. Immunity- is your body’s ability to destroy pathogens that it has previously encountered before the pathogens are able to cause disease.
Lymphocytes – white blood cells that carries out most of the immune system’s functions.

16. Spread of Infectious Disease
Direct Contact includes touching, hugging, kissing, sex, shaking hands
Indirect Contact=sneezing, coughing, contact
with infected person’s blood

17. Contact with animals including ticks and raccoons
Rabies- a deadly disease of the nervous system
Contact with objects - doorknobs, eating &
drinking utensils contaminated food & drink

18. Infectious Diseases Common Cold No Cure,
spread by touching contaminated objects
coughing and sneezing
Lasts 3-7 days
VIRUS

19. Influenza No Cure, Spreads like the common cold
Airborne droplets and contaminated objects
Fever, sore throat, body aches, cough
Vaccine available Every Year
VIRUS

20. Pneumonia Serious infection of the lungs Chronic Coughing
VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGI

21. Rubella Known as Germen Measles Fever, rash, coughing, sneezing,
sore throat, swollen glands
Vaccine
VIRUS

22. Hepatitis Inflammation of the Liver Fever, nausea, pain in abdomen,
jaundice, brown urine,
Symptoms appear 3-6 weeks after exposure
Hep. A=contaminated food & water
Hep. B=contaminated blood & body fluids
VACCINE is available
Hep. C=contaminated blood & body fluids
Most Dangerous

23. Tuberculosis Highly contagious infection that infects the lungs.
Transmitted by coughing or sneezing.
Fatigue, weight loss fever, chronic cough.
Treatment=medications up to a year
BACTERIA

24. Mononucleosis
Infection causes swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen.
Sever sore throat, extreme fatigue
3-6 weeks for symptoms to come to an end.
Spread through saliva
VIRUS

25. 3 Ways to Prevent Illness
1.) Avoid contact with pathogens
2.) Make sure your immunizations are current
3.) Choose healthy behaviors

26. Other ways of Prevention:
Washing hands
Handling Food Properly
Balanced Diet
Avoid sharing
Proper Food Storage
Unnecessary Contact with people who are ill
Vaccinations
Abstinence