Unit 10 and 11 Exam Test Review

Scientific Revolution CHAPTER 21 and 22: Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Absolutism

Scientific Revolution Copernicus, Boyle, and Newton are all associated with what historical time period? Scientific Revolution

Copernicus and Galileo Which individuals were challenged by the Catholic Church for their belief in the heliocentric theory? Copernicus and Galileo

What two ideas were most central to the Scientific Revolution? Observation and Questioning

Who developed the scientific method? Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Europeans during the Scientific Revolution valued knowledge based on what? Scientific Reasoning

What is a result of the Commercial Revolution? A variety of goods and an increase in the standard of living

What are results of an absolute monarchy? Powerful kings Large armies Increased taxes

They made decisions without the consent of the people Why were Philip II, Louis XIV, and Peter the Great considered absolute rulers? They made decisions without the consent of the people

What does it mean for absolute rulers to have divine authority? They represent God’s will on Earth

Limited the powers of English monarchs What was a common effect of the Magna Carta, the English Civil War, and the English Bill of Rights? Limited the powers of English monarchs

What document was signed by King John in 1215 that limited the powers of the king? Magna Carta

What legal principle was established by the Magna Carta? Trial by Jury

Which absolute monarch built the palace of Versailles and left France in debt? Louis XIV

Which country had an absolute ruler that dissolved Parliament to raise taxes? England

What was Peter the Great the first Russian ruler to make an effort to do what? Westernize Russia

Rousseau and Lock believed the government should be based on what? The consent of the governed

Locke, Montesquieu and Voltaire are associated with what historical time period? The Enlightenment

They believed that governments are instituted to protect the citizens How did the Enlightenment thinkers contribute to the development of democratic-government? They believed that governments are instituted to protect the citizens

What new political concept was introduced by Enlightenment thinkers? Natural Rights

What is the idea that government power should be divided into branches? Separation of Powers

Charles de Montesquieu Which enlightenment philosopher came up with the idea of having three branches of government? Charles de Montesquieu

Authors of the U.S. Constitution Who was mainly influenced by the ideas of Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau? Authors of the U.S. Constitution

Which country adopted many Enlightenment ideas when creating their own government? United States

Which philosopher came up with the idea of unalienable rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness? John Locke

What type of government is characterized by the Constitution having a higher authority than the monarch? Limited Monarchy