1. Foundations of American Government LESSON 1

2. I. ANCIENT WORLD A. Ancient Greece 1. Concept (idea) of democracy created 2. Direct democracy: System of government where all citizens participate The Ancient World: Where it all began…

3. B. Ancient Rome 1. Republican government: voters have power to select representatives 2. Indirect democracy: representatives work for common good of people 3. Common law: laws written for protection of people  everyone equal The Ancient World: Where it all began…

4. II. ENGLAND A. Magna Carta (1215)  Limited power of the King  Guaranteed trial by jury B. Petition of Rights (1628): Stated basic rights in writing C. Model Parliament: Bicameral legislature (two chambers) D. English Bill of Rights  Gave people basic rights  Limited power of the king England: Where democracy progressed…

5. How did the Enlightenment influence democratic government? III. ENLIGHTENED THINKERS A. John Locke 1. Natural rights Life Liberty Property 2. Social contract  “Consent of the governed”: People agree to form state and give government power necessary to protect individual rights

6. How did the Enlightenment influence democratic government? B.Baron de Montesquieu 1.Separation of powers: government should be divided into 3 branches 2.“Checks and balances”: power divided keeps each branch from becoming more powerful than the others  “power should be a check to power”

7. How did the Enlightenment influence democratic government? C. Jean Jacques Rousseau 1. The general will guides a free society 2. Society most free in a direct democracy

8. How did the Enlightenment influence democratic government? D. Voltaire 1.The most popular of the philosophes 2.Believed intolerance, prejudice, and superstition were evil 3.Spoke out in favor of religious freedom and freedom of speech