1. Absolutism
Absolutism – unlimited power held by one individual or group
Divine Right – belief that a ruler received absolute authority directly from God

3. King Ferdinand of Aragon married Queen Isabella of Castile

4. Together they conquered Navarre and Granada and created Spain

5. They had one child survive to adulthood
Juana the Mad

6. Juana married Philip IV, Duke of Burgundy

7. Juana and Philip
had a son, Charles V

8. Charles had a son,
Philip II
He conquered Portugal

11. Research Groups
In your groups, research the monarch you’ve been assigned. If you only had 1-2 minutes to describe this person to the class, what would you say? We will present next class. KEEP IT SIMPLE!

12. Spain Russia Philip II Ivan IV (the Terrible) Peter the Great Prussia Catherine the Great Fredrick the Great England France Henry VIII Henry IV Mary I (Bloody Mary) Louis XIV Elizabeth I

13. Spain:
Philip II

14. France: Henry IV

15. France: Louis XIV

16. England: Henry VIII

17. England: Mary I (Bloody Mary)

18. England: Elizabeth I

19. Prussia: Fredrick the Great

20. Russia: Ivan the Terrible

21. Russia: Peter the Great

22. Russia: Catherine the Great

23. France
The Protestant Reformation caused a civil war in France between Catholics and Protestants.

24. Henry IV ended the religious wars in France by giving Protestants the right to have armies and fortified towns

25. France The absolute monarchy in France was created by:
1. Destroying the castles and armies of the nobles
2. Giving power over local matters to agents of the king
3. Nobles were allowed to keep social status and were exempt from taxes

28. France 4. Protestants could not have fortified towns
5. Protestants could keep religious freedom

34. England
Constitutionalism – a system of government in which laws limit the ruler’s power
Magna Carta – A document that limited the power of the king in England

35. Bill of Rights – limited the power of the king in England
Parliament –legislative body of England

36. Henry VIII

39. Reflect
What are the differences between the ways kings and queens ruled in France and in England?

40. Station Activity
Using a graphic organizer and visit each station to learn about each figure and their contributions to the Scientific Revolution. Keep it simple 

41. Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution – A period in which Europeans began to look for natural laws.
Natural Laws – theories that explain how nature works

42. Nicholas Copernicus

43. Galileo

44. Isaac Newton

45. William Harvey
Robert Hooke

46. Scientific
Method
Marie Lavoisier

47. Enlightenment – a period in which Europeans began to look for natural laws that would apply to human society.

48. Thomas Hobbes
Humans are animals that act in their own self-interest
We need an absolute monarchy to keep us under control
People should do what they are told, THEN government will provide law and order

49. Social Contract – an agreement between government and the people

50. John Locke
Humans are good, and will use reason to find the best solutions to benefit society
Every human has the right to life, liberty, and property

51. 3. Democracy is the best form of government
4. Government should provide for the people, THEN people will obey the government

52. Voltaire
freedom of speech
freedom of religion
separation of church and state

53. Jean Jacques Rousseau
1.People are good, but society corrupts them
2. Property is bad
3. People have the right to overthrow their government

54. Baron de Montesquieu
People are good, but power corrupts them
The power of government should be divided into three branches
Every person has rights, regardless of their position in society

55. Enlightenment ideas influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence

56. Activity
Identify specific Enlightenment ideas in the edited version of the Declaration of Independence.

57. Reflection Questions
How was the Scientific Revolution a change in both science and thought?
What was the Age of Enlightenment? In what ways did the philosophers of this time influence the U.S Government?