A Review of American History: Sections 1-3

Learning Goals USH.1.1 Read key documents from the Founding Era and analyze major ideas about government, individual rights and the general welfare embedded in these documents. USH.1.2 Explain major themes in the early history of the United States such as federalism, sectionalism, nationalism, and states’ rights. USH.1.3 Identify and tell the significance of controversies pertaining to slavery, abolitionism, and social reform movements.

Section 1 The World Before 1600 Migration to America (12,000 BC) 1st people to arrive in North America took place during last Ice Age (12,000 – 40,000 years ago) hunters following herds, crossed land bridge connecting Asia & North America

Prehistoric Migration EUROPE ASIA A R C T I C O C E A N B e r i n g S e a NORTH AMERICA PAC I F I C O C E A N AT L A N T I C O C E A N 1,000 2,000 mi. G u l f o f M e x i c o 1,000 2,000 km Prehistoric Migration Land bridge Glacier Coastal-route theory Land-bridge theory SOUTH AMERICA

The World Before 1600 about 7,000 years ago; human groups planted seeds on purpose farming allowed people to settle in villages led to the agricultural revolution; which changed the way we lived forever different environment = different cultures shared customs & ideas through trade networks

Early Civilizations of the Americas NORTH AMERICA G u l f o f M e x i c o Aztecs Olmecs AT L A N T I C O C E A N Maya C a r i b b e a n S e a PAC I F I C O C E A N SOUTH AMERICA Inca AT L A N T I C O C E A N 1,000 2,000 mi. 1,000 2,000 km Early Civilizations of the Americas

Cahokia is largest Pre-Columbian settlement north of Mexico

The World Before 1600 European Exploration Leif Eriksson – 1st European to land in North America Christopher Columbus - during the Renaissance; European nations wanted to increase their power (new lands & sources of trade) - 1492 landed on an island in Bahamas - opened Western Hemisphere to exploration & colonization - Columbian Exchange

Chinese (1420) - may have sailed across the Pacific and explored the West Coast (California) - the map the right is dated 1418 - it has been thought the Chinese circumnavigated the globe

Section 2 European Colonies in America European Explorers in the Americas Spain – southern part of US from Florida to California (Ponce de Leon, de Soto, Coronado) France – Great Lakes, along Mississippi River to Louisiana (Cartier, Champlain, Marquette, LaSalle) Dutch – New Netherland and Delaware (Hudson) British – 13 colonies along Atlantic Coast (Cabot, Drake, Raleigh)

European Colonies in America The English in Virginia Settlement of Jamestown (1607) - first permanent English colony in North America - John Smith, John Rolfe, Pocahontas - established first cash crop in colonies (tobacco) Population grew rapidly in 1600s By 1619; House of Burgesses was formed

European Colonies in America The Northern Colonies Pilgrims Arrive at Plymouth (1620) - Protestant group known as Puritans - landed in present-day Massachusetts - wanted a colony to practice their religion freely - motivated other groups of colonists to come to America; free practice of religion became fundamental principle of the US Constitution Great Migration Other Puritan colonies form (Connecticut, Rhode Island, & New Hampshire)

European Colonies in America The Middle & Southern Colonies Proprietary colonies – New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, & Carolinas (later divided) Maryland founded as a Catholic haven Delaware formed from part of Pennsylvania Georgia (last of original 13 colonies) established as military buffer between Carolinas & Spanish Florida

Section 3 Colonial Life Colonies developed their own economics, political systems, traditions of local government, & sense of self reliance Maintained economic, political, & personal ties with Great Britain Serious strains between the colonists & British began to appear

Colonial Life The Colonial Economy Northern – farming to feed family; shipbuilding & producing goods (rum, textiles, ironworks) Southern – fertile land and mild climate ideal for agriculture; farms produced valuable crops - many small farms; plantations grew - increased reliance on slave labor

Colonial Life America’s Emerging Culture Enlightenment – John Locke; government had duty to protect its citizens’ rights - ideas in Declaration & Constitution - caused some colonists to question religion Great Awakening – countered the spread of Enlightenment ideas - forged one of the first links uniting the colonies - led to growth of new Protestant denominations (Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian)

Colonial Life The French and Indian War Territorial struggles between British, French, and Spanish French with native allies vs. British 1754-1763; Britain forced France to surrender - marked the end of French power in North America Treaty of Paris (1763)– ended the war; gave Britain all land east of the Mississippi River Proclamation of 1763 – prevent further conflict with Native Americans on frontier