Journal #2: How might an Anatomist and Physiologist see a computer differently? Objectives:  Define Anatomy and Physiology and describe various specialties of each discipline.  Identify the major levels of organism organization from the simplest to most complex  Identify the organ systems of the human body and the major components of each system.

Chapter 1- An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Part 1: * Interactive notes to correspond with pages

An Introduction to Studying the Human Body Anatomy- the study of the structures of the body and their relationship to each other  Gross Anatomy- MACROSCOPIC Surface- or superficial Regional- focusing on specific areas of the body Systemic- how organ groups function together Developmental- focus on changes between conception and maturity also known as embryology  Microscopic Anatomy- Needs Magnification Cytology- analysis of cells Histology- examination of tissues

An Introduction to Studying the Human Body Physiology – studies the functions of the human body  Cell- analyzes the chemical processes within and between cells  Special – specialized or focuses on specific organs  Systemic – includes the functioning of entire organ systems  Pathological – studies the effect of diseases on organs and organ systems

Levels of Organization Chemical or Molecular Cellular Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism

Journal #2: What is a thermostat? How does it work? What is it’s purpose? Objective:  Explain Homeostasis and it’s significance for organisms.  Describe how negative and positive feedback are involved in homeostatic regulation. FUN FACT: The human head remains conscious for seconds after it has been decapitated.

Chapter 1- An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Part 2 Homeostasis: * Interactive notes to correspond with pages 11-14

Homeostasis A condition in which the internal environment of the body(extracellular fluid) remains constant.  Chemical composition  Temperature  Pressure A failure to maintain homeostasis results in DEATH!!! How does a jellyfish maintain homeostasis?

Homeostatic regulation The adjustment of physiological systems to maintain homeostasis.  Autoregulation- cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjust in response to change.  Extrinsic Regulation- nervous or endocrine systems adjust the activities of multiple systems simultaneously.

Homeostatic Regulatory Mechanism Receptor  Senses environmental change  External stimuli Control Center  Receives & processes stimuli  Sends out command Effector  Cell or organ that responds to a command

Negative Feedback Primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation  A stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus  Example: Control of Body Temperature

Positive Feedback Rare Stimulus creates a response that enhances the original condition rather than opposing it Can be dangerous or common in stressful conditions

Systems Integration, Equilibrium, & Homeostasis Occurs when opposing processes or forces are in balance Loss of Homeostasis indicates system abnormality- disease or damage.

Journal #3: What are some examples of unavoidable experimental error from yesterdays lab? Vocabulary: 10. Effector 11. Negative Feedback 12. Positive Feedback 13. State of Equilibrium Objective:  Explain Homeostasis and it’s significance for organisms.  Describe how negative and positive feedback are involved in homeostatic regulation.

Journal #4: Think back to that question about a thermostat. When you are controlling room temperature, what is the receptor, control center, & effector? Vocabulary: None :) Objective: (all previously copied)  Explain Homeostasis and it’s significance for organisms.  Describe how negative and positive feedback are involved in homeostatic regulation.  Name the major organ systems & state their function

Journal #5: Describe to me how to get to student services from here. Vocabulary: 14. Anatomical Position 15. Abdominopelvic quadrants 16. Abdominopelvic regions 17. Transverse plane 18. Frontal plane 19. Sagittal plane Objective:  Use anatomical terms to describe body sections, regions, and positions  Identify the major body cavities and their subdivisions.

Chapter 1- An Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Part 3 Frames of Reference: * Interactive notes to correspond with pages Anatomy uses a special language to describe body sections, regions, and relative positions. Review Figures 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, & 1-10

Anatomical Position Hands at side, palms facing forward  Standing front = anterior  Standing back = posterior  Laying face up = supine  Laying face down = prone

Anatomical Landmarks Based on the structure it is located on or near Example: Gluteus or buttock region near gluteus muscles

Anatomical Regions Clinicians use 4 quadrants  Useful reference for description of pain or injury.  RLQ tenderness is a symptom of Appendicitis Anatomists us 9 abdominopelvic regions

Anatomical Directions

Sectional Anatomy 3 planes needed to describe a 3 dimensional object  Transverse - cross section  Frontal- cut in half front & back  Sagittal- cut in half with 2 equal sides

Ventral  Thoracic  Abdominopelvic Dorsal  Cranial Cavity  Vertebral Cavity Internal chambers with 2 functions:  Protect delicate organs  Allow for change in shape or size of internal organs without disruption of surrounding tissues Body Cavities (Spaces)

Membranes Isolate and protect the organs Serous Membranes  Visceral- next to the organ  Parietal- next to the wall of the cavity

Ventral Body Cavity (coelom) Divided by the diaphragm into the  Thoracic cavity Pericardial cavity - heart Pleural Cavity - lungs  Abdominopelvic cavity

Mediastinum Divides thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities mediastinum divides thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities

Abdominopelvic Cavity Peritoneal Abdominal  Liver  Stomach  Spleen  Intestines Pelvic  Intestines  Bladder  Reproductive organs