1. Human Body Terminology
Bio 099
Lab
Martini Chapter 1

2. Anatomy & Physiology
Structure (anatomy) determines function (physiology)
"Proportions of the Human Figure" Leonardo da Vinci,

3. Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy

4. Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
regional anatomy

5. Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
organ systems

6. Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
organ systems
developmental anatomy
embryology

7. Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy
organ systems
developmental anatomy
embryology
clinical anatomy
for example radiology

8. Microscopic Anatomy (cannot be seen without magnification)
cytology
looking at individual cells
histology
looking at groups of specialized cells called tissues
tissues combine to form organs

9. Physiology The function of the anatomical structure Cell physiology
Special physiology (i.e., cardiac)
Systemic physiology (i.e., cardiovascular)
Pathological physiology (Pathos = disease)

10. Levels of Organization

11. Frames of Anatomical Reference
Anatomy uses a special language to describe body sections, regions and relative positions.
You should be familiar with the body terminology in Chapter 1 (pgs 15-22).

12. Anatomical Position hands at side, palms facing forward
STANDING FRONT = ANTERIOR
STANDING BACK = POSTERIOR
LYING FACE UP = SUPINE
LYING FACE DOWN = PRONE

13. Superficial Anatomy Anatomical Landmarks Anterior (front) View
Figure 1-6

14. Superficial Anatomy Anatomical Landmarks Posterior (back) View
Figure 1-6

15. Regions of the Human Body (Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)

16. Regions of the Human Body (Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)

17. Anatomical Regions Clinicians use: abdominopelvic quadrants
Provides useful reference for description of pain/injury.
RLQ tenderness is a symptom of appendicitis
Figure 1-7a

18. Anatomical Regions
Anatomist use:
9 abdominopelvic regions
Figure 1-7

19. Anatomical Directional References
Figure 1-8

20. Fill in the blank

21. Sectional Anatomy 3 Sectional Planes traverse frontal sagittal Plane:
a 3-dimensional axis
Section:
a slice parallel to a plane
Figure 1-9

22. Body Cavities internal chambers that serve 2 functions protect organs
permit change in size without distorting or disrupting surrounding tissues or adjacent organs

23. Ventral Body Cavity (coelom)
divided by the diaphragm into the
1. thoracic cavity
2. abdominopelvic cavity

24. Membranes Isolate the Organs
Serous membranes:
parietal layer (next to wall of cavity)
visceral layer (next to organ)
Figure 1–10b

25. Thoracic Cavity thoracic cavity pleural cavity pericardial cavity
divided by the mediastinum
organs: lungs
membranes: visceral and parietal pleura
pericardial cavity
organs: heart
membranes: visceral and parietal pericardium

26. Mediastinum
mediastinum divides thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities
Figure 1–10c

27. Abdominopelvic Cavity
peritoneal cavity
membranes: visceral and parietal peritoneum
abdominal cavity
(superior peritoneal)
organs: liver, stomach, spleen, intestine
pelvic cavity
(inferior peritoneal)
organs: intestine, bladder, reproductive organs.