PRESIDENTIAL ROLES PRESIDENTIAL POWERS EXECUTIVE OFFICES PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION QUALIFICATIONS VICE PRESIDENT’S DUTIES Created by Article II of the Constitution

PRESIDENTIAL QUALIFICATIONS AGE35 CITIZENSHIP NATURAL BORN U.S. CITIZEN RESIDENCY HAVE LIVED IN THE U.S. AT LEAST 14 YEARS TO BE THE PRESIDENT YOU MUST FILL ALLOF THE FORMAL REQUIREMENTS.

EXECUTIVE POWERS DIPLOMATIC POWERS MILITARY POWERS LEGISLATIVE POWERS POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT JUDICIAL POWERS

EXECUTIVE POWERS EXECUTIVE POWERS ARE THOSE POWERS THE PRESIDENT HAS AND USES TO MAKE SURE THAT FEDERAL LAW IS CARRIED OUT. THEY INCLUDE: EXECUTING THE LAW APPOINTING POWER REMOVAL POWERORDINANCE POWER

EXECUTING THE LAW THE PRESIDENT HAS THE JOB RESPONSIBILITY AND DUTY TO MAKE SURE THAT ALL LAWS ARE ENFORCED AND ADMINISTERED, AS PER THE CONSTITUTION: ARTICLE II, SECTION 1, CLAUSE 8 (THE PRESIDENTIAL OATH) ARTICLE II, SECTION 3, CALLED THE “TAKE CARE” POWER Presidents do not always comply! (Obama— Medical Marijuana)

The President has the power to issue executive orders. An EXECUTIVE ORDER is a directive, rule, or regulation that has the effect of law. While the order is not an actual law, it is treated like one. This power is given to the President from two sources: the Constitution and Congress. The ORDINANCE POWER

The President has the power to appoint nearly three million federal civilian employees. (He typically appoints only top-level officials; the rest are hired through normal civil service procedures.) Once the President receives the consent of the Senate, he appoints most of the top-ranking officials in the Federal Government. Some examples are: federal judges, cabinet members, heads of independent agencies, and officers of the military. THE APPOINTING POWER SENATORIAL COURTESY – Presidential Appointments Need the Appointee’s Home Senators’ Approval (applies to single-state positions only).

The President can remove anyone from office who he has appointed. The only restriction on this power is that the President cannot remove federal court judges from the bench. They must be impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate to be removed. Three major reasons for removal are: inefficiency in office, neglect of duty, or inappropriate behavior. THE REMOVAL POWER

DIPLOMATIC POWERS THE PRESIDENTS DIPLOMATIC POWERS ARE AMONG HIS MOST POWERFUL. THEY INCLUDE: POWER TO MAKE TREATIES POWER OF EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS POWER OF RECOGNITION

Treaty – a formal agreement between two or more sovereign states The President usually negotiates treaties through the Secretary of State. The Senate must give approval for these international agreements with a 2/3 vote. POWER TO MAKE TREATIES

POWER OF EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS Executive Agreements are like treaties in that they are agreements between the President and foreign leaders or their subordinates. They are different in that they do not require the approval of the Senate. They usually stem out of previous legislation, or a previous treaty.

The President, representing the United States, acknowledges the legal existence of that country and its government. This recognition can make or break the survival of a new country. This recognition is not permanent. It can change with revolutions or changes in government. THE POWER OF RECOGNITION

MILITARY POWERS During wartime, the President can make critical decisions that he feels are necessary for wartime AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF. The President also has the power to send troops into combat, without approval by Congress, for emergencies. Congress must approve the use of force after 60 days (90 days if necessary to allow a safe and orderly withdrawal). The President can use troops for domestic peace within the United States. Posse Comitatus Act—few practical limits

LEGISLATIVE POWERS The President possesses the power to submit OR RECOMMEND ideas to Congress. The President gives a “State of the Union” address each year, in which he presents ideas for new legislation to Congress. Sometimes called the “message power.” THE PRESIDENT ALSO HAS: The President has the power to call special sessions of Congress if a pressing issue needs to be dealt with quickly. (Little need for this in modern times, as the job is virtually year-round.) THE POWER OF VETO

When a bill is presented to the President, he can do one of four things: 1. Sign it and pass the law 2. Veto the law 3. While Congress is in session, he can ignore the bill and it will become law automatically in 10 days 4. Pocket veto (while Congress is not in session, he can ignore the bill and it will not become law.)

JUDICIAL POWERS PARDON – Legal and absolute forgiveness for a crime. AMNESTY – A pardon for a large group of people REPRIEVE – Postponing the carrying out of a sentence. COMMUTATION- Reduction of a sentence, usually to time already served (or death to life in prison). ACCORDING TO ARTICLE II, SECTION 2, CLAUSE 1 THE PRESIDENT HAS THE POWER TO ISSUE:

ROLES OF THE PRESIDENT CHIEF EXECUTIVE CHIEF CITIZEN CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR CHIEF DIPLOMAT COMMANDER IN CHIEF CHIEF LEGISLATOR CHIEF OF PARTY CHIEF OF STATE

CHIEF EXECUTIVE This role of the President allows him to ensure that the laws of the nation are carried out fairly.

CHIEF DIPLOMAT This role of the President allows him to establish foreign policy with other nations.

CHIEF LEGISLATOR This role of the President allows him to submit ideas for new laws for the United States.

CHIEF CITIZEN This role of the President implies that he is the moral leader and figurehead of the United States.

CHIEF OF STATE This role of the President states that the President is the head of the national government.

CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR This role of the President states that the President is the “boss” of government employees.

COMMANDER IN CHIEF This role of the President allows him to command all United States military troops.

CHIEF OF PARTY This role of the President states that he is the informal leader of his political party.

EXECUTIVE OFFICES Several offices that are staffed by the President’s closest advisors and are designed to help the President make, and enforce policy. They include: NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS CABINETOTHERS

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL Principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters Started by President Truman Advises and assists the President on national security and foreign policies. Coordinates these policies among various government agencies.

OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET Assists the President in overseeing the preparation of the federal budget Supervises its administration in Executive Branch agencies Oversees and coordinates the Administration's financial management, information, and regulatory policies Estimates often differ from those of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), which serves a similar purpose for Congress

Establishes policies, priorities, and objectives for the Nation's drug control program. Reduce illicit drug use, manufacturing, and trafficking, drug- related crime and violence, and drug-related health consequences. Produces the National Drug Control Strategy and establishes a program, a budget, and guidelines for cooperation among Federal, State, and local authorities. OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY

COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS Established by the Employment Act of 1946 Provides the President with objective (statistic-driven) economic analysis and advice on economic policy issues.

CABINET Executive departments were called for by George Washington in Department heads (Secretaries) advise the President on any subject he may require relating to the duties of their respective offices. Departments are created according to national needs to carry out federal legislation. Congress creates these departments, which then “flesh out” responsibilities via administrative procedures The Cabinet includes the Vice President Departments are: Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs.

OTHER OFFICES The other offices of the Executive Branch are as varied as they are vast in numbers. Some of the other areas include: Office of Policy Development - Advises President on domestic concerns National Space Council-Advises President on civil and military efforts in space Council on Environmental Quality- Aids the President on environmental policy matters. Office of U.S. Trade Representatives – Advises the President on matters of foreign trade. Office of Science and Technology- Advises on all scientific, engineering, and technology advances.

VICE PRESIDENTIAL DUTIES BY CONSTITUTION THE VICE PRESIDENT HAS ONLY TWO FORMAL DUTIES: 1.PRESIDE OVER THE SENATE 2.HELP DECIDE THE QUESTION OF PRESIDENTIAL DISABILITY 3.PRESIDENTIAL DISABILITY IS WHEN THE PRESIDENT IS UNABLE TO CARRY OUT HIS DUTIES 4.If disagreement, the V-P and a majority of the Cabinet must declare disability THE ONLY OTHER ASSUMED PURPOSE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT IS TO BE A PRESIDENT IN WAITING.

PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION IS THE ORDER IN WHICH INFERIOR OFFICERS CAN BE PROMOTED TO THE OFFICE OF PRESIDENT IN CASE OF A VACANCY. THE CURRENT SYSTEM WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE 25 TH AMENDMENT AND CURRENTLY HAS 18 POSITIONS. HERE ARE THE FIRST 10. 1VICE PRESIDENT6SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 2SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE7ATTORNEY GENERAL 3 PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE 8 SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 4SECRETARY OF STATE9 SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE 5 SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 10 SECRETARY OF COMMERCE