Parts of Speech English 10

EXAMPLES Sidewalk Boardwalk Friend Language California Bravery Jury Ambition Groundhog Day Flower

NOUNS Word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea (friend, restaurant, flower, idea) Common Noun: names any one group of persons, places, things, or ideas (language) Proper Noun: names a particular person, place, thing, or idea (California, Groundhog Day) Concrete Noun: names an object that can be perceived by the senses (sidewalk) Abstract Noun: names a quality, characteristic, or idea (bravery) Collective Noun: names a group (jury) Compound Noun: consists of 2 or more words used together as a single noun (boardwalk)

PRACTICE Page 126 Exercise 1 Odds

EXAMPLES This Which Myself We Whose Either

PRONOUNS Word used in place of a noun or more than one noun Word that pronoun stands for is called its antecedent Pronoun may appear in same sentence as its antecedent or in a following sentence Antecedent may be a noun or another pronoun Latoya loves her cat. She takes good care of it. We told her that she could stay with us.

PRONOUNS CONT. Personal: I, me, mine, we, her, they, theirs Relative: that, which, who, whom, whose Interrogative: who, whose, what, whom, which Demonstrative: this, that, these, those Indefinite: few, many, each, either, anyone, somebody, several Reflexive and Intensive: myself, themselves, itself, yourselves

PRACTICE Pages Exercise 3 Evens

EXAMPLES Helpful librarian Final exam Two steps Cool breeze More work That star

ADJECTIVES Word used to modify (to describe or make more definite) a noun or pronoun Tell what kind (helpful, cool), which one (final, that), or how many (two, more) Articles: a, an, the Indefinite articles: a and an. Refer to any one of a general group Definite article: the. Refers to a particular person, place, thing, or idea

PRACTICE Page 130 Exercise 5 (directions on page 129) #’s 1-10

EXAMPLES Jog Sailed Tastes Does know Are Hope Emptied

VERBS Word that expresses action or state of being Action verb: expresses physical or mental activity (jog, hope) Transitive verb: action verb that takes an object (noun or pronoun that tells who or what receives action of verb) Intransitive verb: action verb that does not take an object TRANSITIVE: The thunder rattled the windows. INTRANSITIVE: An osprey soared over the treetops.

VERBS CONT. Linking verb: connects the subject with a noun, pronoun, or adjective that identifies or describes it Most common: forms of “to be,” as well as the following: appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn Verb phrase: consists of main verb and at least one helping or auxiliary verb Common helping verbs: forms of “to be,” forms of “have,” forms of “do” Common auxiliaries: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would

PRACTICE Page 132 Exercise 7 All (1-10)

EXAMPLES May we look around? Todd washed the car quickly. We almost had an accident. Winter came early last year.

ADVERBS Word used to modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb Tell how (quickly), when (early), where (around), or to what extent (almost)

PRACTICE Page Exercise 8 Odds

EXAMPLES Beside the night stand. From the grocery store. With care. After dinner. To the bowling alley. At 10:00 this morning.

PREPOSITIONS Word used to show how a noun or pronoun is related to some other word in a sentence Prepositional Phrase: preposition introduces this. Noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase is the object of the preposition The bird flew above the tree. The bird flew near the tree. Copy down 5 prepositions from page 137

PRACTICE Page 138 Exercise 10 Evens

EXAMPLES We ate dinner and watched TV. Sally did her math homework, but forgot science. Hey! Don’t forget your lunch! Because it started raining, we had to rush for shelter. Neither rain nor snow falls in that dry land.

CONJUNCTIONS Word used to join words or groups of words Coordinating conjunction: connects words or groups of words that are used in the same way (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet) Correlative conjunctions: pairs of conjunctions that join words or groups of words used in the same way (neither…nor, both…and) Subordinating conjunction: begins a subordinate clause, joining it to an independent clause (than, because, wherever, as though)

INTERJECTION Word used to express emotion Has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence Hey, ouch, oh, well, yikes

PRACTICE Page 140 Exercise 12 Entire paragraph