7.  Nouns name persons, places, things, or ideas. 1. Proper: CAPITAL LETTERS  Montana, Sally, United States of America 2. Common: no capital letters  state, girl, country 3. Concrete vs. 4. Abstract  Concrete: you can touch it  Abstract: you can’t  Happiness, love, etc.

8.  a word that expresses action, makes a statement, or shows a link between word relationships 1. Linking: make statements OR they express links and relationships  Ex. She is a good girl  She is my mother 2. Action

9.  Add detail to how time, possibility, or necessity is conveyed in a sentence.  There are ~23 in English  Be am is are was were been  Has have had  Do does did  Can could shall should will would may  Might must being  Ex: I am aware that today is a school day.  Ex: Did you have fun this weekend?

10.  Adjectives modify nouns  Adjectives describe nouns  Hot, cold, bright  Yellow bus  Articles:  “The," "a," and "an"

11.  words that join words or groups of words 1. Coordinating conjunctions  and, or, but, for, & nor 2. Subordinating conjunctions  introduce dependent clauses  Since I will not be home, Tina will answer the phone. 3. Correlative  include pairs like “both/and,” “whether/or,” “either/or,” “neither/nor,” “not/but” and “not only/but also.”

12.  Modify/describe verbs  Commonly used Adverbs:  Here, there, away, up -- tell WHERE  Now, then, later, soon, yesterday -- tell WHEN  Easily, quietly, slowly, quickly -- tell HOW  Never, always, often, seldom -- tell HOW OFTEN  Very, almost, too, so, really -- tell TO WHAT EXTENT

13.  "take the place of a noun" 1. Personal: I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they, and them 2. Possessive: my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, and theirs 3. Indefinite: anybody, anyone, each, either, none, someone, somebody, both, everyone, no one, neither, many, few, several, and one 4. Interrogative: who, whom, what, which, and whose 5. Demonstrative: this, that, these, and those

14.  Prepositions show relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words in a sentence  aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, into, like, of, off, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, and without

15.  Interjections are exclamatory words that express strong emotion  Ouch! That hurt!  Great! What a terrific idea!