RECONSTRUCTION Analyze the impact of reconstruction in the following areas: geographic, political, social, and economic

ISSUES AFTER THE WAR Southern land destroyed by war Farms and plantations destroyed Railroad lines destroyed More then 1/5 of the Southern white male population died 4 million African Americans faced uncertain future Forgiveness or punishment for southern states

POLITICAL ISSUES President Lincoln forgiveness to all southerners pledging loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation 10% of southern state’s voters had to take oath before organizing new state government with a ban on slavery Federal v. States’ Rights who had the power to readmit states to the Union – Congress or President some argued secession was unlawful so Confederate states had never legally left the Union others thought states should go through same admission process as territories Lincoln assassinated – Johnson takes over very different ideas on reconstruction Johnson allows ex-Confederates to take control of Southern States

SOCIAL ISSUES 13 th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States 14 th Amendment citizenship to all born or naturalized in the U.S. equal protection under the law 15 th Amendment cannot be denied the right to vote based on race or color Black Codes gave freed slaves certain rights but kept them dependent upon southern land owners many former slaves had no choice no education, family or money white officials in the South enforced black Codes – KKK 1866

ECONOMIC ISSUES Key to Freedom – Owning Land southern landowners unwilling to sell land to freed slaves owning land would lead to economic independence sharecropping – employer provided land, supplies and a home and sharecropper provided labor tenant farmers – rented land from landowner and could grow any crop many grew food, not cotton, to provide food and income difficult to get out of poverty for sharecroppers and tenant farmers

GEOGRAPHIC ISSUES Southern Cities rapid industrial growth during Reconstruction Northern businesses dependent upon the South for resources Northerners also wanted the southern cities for markets railroads linked North and South Southern business leaders and Northern investors partnered

Progress of Reconstruction: Lincoln assassinated – Johnson takes over very different ideas on reconstruction Johnson allows ex-Confederates to take control of Southern States Ex-Confederates restore White-Supremacy to the South black codes, Ku Klux Klan Johnson vetoed bills to continue the Freedman’s bureau and to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Radical Republicans in Congress were horrified at the restoration of White-Supremacy in Southern States Radical Republicans gain more support in congress to override Johnson’s presidential veto Radical Republicans impeach Johnson for violating the Tenure of Office Act in 1867 – Johnson found not-guilty, but Johnson was essentially powerless due to Radical Republican support in congress

Progress of Reconstruction: Radical Reconstruction Begins: South divided into 5 military districts 14 th Amendment passed and enforced by Federal Troops African Americans finally enjoy full rights and citizens Ulysses Grant (Former Union General) Elected President Reconstruction Ends: Liberal Republicans gain support Pres. Grant’s administration was corrupt 1872 Depression Election of 1876 Hayes vs. Tilden Compromise of 1876-Federal Troops withdrawn from South White Supremacy Restored Impacts of Reconstruction:

Results/Effects of Reconstruction: Political: Social: Economic: To what extent was Reconstruction as success & failure?

IMPACT OF RECONSTRUCTION Violence in the South organized terrorist groups such as KKK and others African Americans were the main targets Poverty African Americans unhappy with financial status and lack of land reform Supreme Court Decisions civil rights left to state control no protection under the 14 th Amendment Southern leaders wanted to suppress rights of African Americans Southern leaders gained support throughout the South