Focus 5/12 World War I started because of four reasons: M.A.I.N. : Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism and Nationalism. After Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated the Alliance System led to war. After the war, the Treaty of Versailles blamed Germany and forced them to pay reparations. This led to hostility and helped cause World War II.

From World War I to World War II

World War I  Causes - Alliance System

World War I  Causes - Militarism - Alliance System - Balkan “Powder Keg” - Assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand

World War I  Causes

World War I  Cartoon

World War I  Whose to blame?

World War I  Treaty of Versailles - Germany blamed for War - Germany has territory taken away - Germany was forced to limit their army and navy - Germany had to pay war reparations - Treaty of Versailles forms League of Nations

Collapse of Empires  Both the Austria- Hungary Empire and Ottoman Empire cease to exist after World War I

Between the Wars  Turkish Nationalism - Kemal Ataturk (Mustafa Kemal) westernizes and modernizes Turkey - Ataturk 1. Based law on European models 2. Brought in Western Calendar 3. Required people to wear western clothes 4. gave women the right to vote 5. brought in western alphabet

Between the Wars  Iranian Nationalism - Reza Khan modernizes and westernizes Iran

Between the Wars  Indian Nationalism - Sepoy Mutiny Amritsar Massacre - Gandhi – Civil Disobedience, Homespun Movement, Boycotts on British goods, Salt March

Between the Wars  Indian Nationalism Indian National Congress Muslim League Partition of India – Northern part becomes Pakistan India and Pakistan fight over region of Kashmir

Between the Wars  Founder of Chinese Republic – Sun Yixian  Sun Yiaxen dies and Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek) takes over of Kuomingtang (Chinese nationalists)  Mao Zedong leads communists against Jiang Jieshi  Mao Zedong = Long March

Between the Wars  Rise of Fascism in Germany and Italy  Hitler comes to power in Germany  Mussolini comes to power in Italy  Both exploit economic hardships to gain popular support

Between the Wars  Fascist States - Germany, Italy, and Japan

World War II  Rise of Fascism

World War II  Fascism - Censorship and government control of news - Extreme nationalism - Strict discipline - Ruled by dictator - Blind loyalty to leader - Use of violence and terror to silence critics

World War II  Failures of League of Nations - Japan invades China (Manchuria) - Italy Attacks Ethiopia - Germany Aggression in Europe 1. Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles 2. Hitler sends troops into Rhineland 3. Hitler makes Austria part of Germany

World War II  League of Nations follows policy of appeasement when dealing with Hitler. - At the Munich Conference in 1938, western democracies agree to give Hitler control of Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF APPEASEMENT!!!!

World War II Appeasement

World War II  Hitler invades Poland and World War II begins Turning Points of War - U.S. enters War in 1941 after bombing of Pearl Harbor - Battle of Stalingrad – Germany defeated in Soviet Union - Invasion of Normandy – D-Day forces Germany to open up a war on two fronts - Atomic bombs dropped on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki