1. Between the Wars Week 2-3
Global 4
Ms. Lyons

2. Effects of World War I Treaty of Versailles Collapse of Empires:
Germany has to: give up land & military, admit they started war & pay reparations
League of Nations formed
US never joined (didn’t want to get into future wars)
Collapse of Empires:
Austria-Hungary broke up
Ottoman Empire broke up
No one is happy

3. Collapse of Empires (looks like this…)

4. Nationalism in Turkey
Kemal Atatürk took over & started a westernization/modernization program
European law (NOT Sharia law)
Christian calendar (NOT Muslim)
Western clothes
State schools set up
Latin (NOT Arabic)
Women could vote & work
Industrialization
roads, railroads, factories built

5. Nationalism in India British controlled India through colonialism
Amritsar Massacre (1919)
British shot a group of Indians with no warning
400 died, 1,200 wounded
Convinced Indians they must get rid of the British

6. Where is India on the map?

7. Mohandas Gandhi 1920’s-1930’s Leader of Indian nationalist movement
Civil disobedience
No violence, disobey unjust laws
Boycotted British goods
Hated caste system
Wanted equal rights (women too)
India got independence in 1947
1 yr before he died

8. Nationalism in China After World War I: BAD economy, peasants starved
Movements:
May Fourth
students, modernization, western science, democracy
Communists
Nationalists
Sun Yat-sen & Chiang Kai-shek
Civil War (22 yrs)
Communists vs. Nationalists

9. “The Lost Generation” Literature & Arts were depressing
loss of hope, rejecting former rules/values
Americans left US for Europe
Wanted to have fun, but “lost” (no life goal)
Poet T.S. Eliot
portrayed world as spiritually empty
Painters
stopped trying to paint real world
experimented with color & distorted shapes

10. Causes of the Great Depression
Less demand for raw materials after war
Prices fell, miners/farmers lost money
High cost of manufactured goods
Factory workers won higher wages, price of goods went up, farmers couldn’t buy them
Stock market crash
Stocks bought “on margin”
only paid part of cost & borrowed the rest of the $

11. Effects of the Great Depression
Unemployment
Starving
Global trade stopped
Authoritarian rule
Some lost faith in democracy & capitalism

12. Fascism ***Activity: compare to Democracy***
[see chart on p. 260 of blue Regents review book]

13. Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini
Promised: to end unemployment, gain more land for Italy, outlaw worker rebellion, get rid of all Communist threats
What he did: used force & terror to control Italy, ended free elections/free speech/free press, killed or jailed his enemies

14. Fascism in Germany

15. Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler: (1920) led Nazi Party Third Reich
Said Germans were the best race
Third Reich
Totalitarian state, ended civil rights, silenced enemies w/force
Germany’s standard of living rose
Hitler rebuilt military
violated Treaty of Versailles
Anti-Semitism
Blame Jews for all problems
Nuremburg Laws of 1935
took away political rights & German citizenship of Jews

16. Why did fascist leaders gain power?
The economies were so poor!
People wanted new people in power to help them get out of poverty.

17. Were they good leaders? Both Mussolini & Hitler improved economies
BUT at the cost of personal freedoms & human rights

18. Militarism in Japan (1930’s)
Effects:
1931: attacked Manchuria (China)
Anti-western feelings
Ended democratic freedoms
Causes:
Nationalism
Desire to expand empire (imperialism)
Poverty/unemployment