Chapter 15 The Civil War This chapter will introduce you to the Civil War in the United States by covering important battles, legislation, and changes in American life. Chapter Introduction Section 1: The Call to Arms Section 2: Early Years of the War Section 3: The Emancipation Proclamation Section 4: The Civil War and American Life Section 5: Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 The Civil War Identify the states that supported the Union, the states that seceded, and the states whose loyalties were divided. Describe the advantages each side had in the war. Compare the different strategies used by the North and the South. Summarize the results of the First Battle of Bull Run. Describe the conditions soldiers in camp faced. Objectives:

Chapter 15 The Civil War Lincoln tells the nation in his inaugural address that his GOAL is to keep the country together

Chapter 15 The Civil War FEAR…. The south thought Lincoln was going to end slavery. This would destroy their labor force in the south! So… They fight back = Civil War

Chapter 15 The Civil War FEAR…. After Lincoln is elected president…. The south feels they have NO power in congress. What do they do?

Chapter 15 The Civil War The South “secedes” from the union and forms their own country. They justified this because states have the right to leave based on “states rights”

Chapter 15 The Civil War FORT SUMTER – a federal fort located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina South attacked on April 12,1861 to officially start the Civil War The path to Civil War Video Clip

Chapter 15 The Civil War Why did both the North and the South think they would easily win the war? Many Northerners and Southerners were confident that their side would win a quick victory. The North had a greater population and more resources. The South had a more experienced military.

Chapter 15 The Civil War This caused more southern states to secede. After the attack on Fort Sumter, President Lincoln asked states to send troops to end what he called a “rebellion.” The western counties of Virginia refused to secede. These joined the Union as the state of West Virginia.

Chapter 15 The Civil War A key question at the start of the war was whether border states would side with the Union or the Confederacy. Both sides wanted to control the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

Chapter 15 The Civil War

Chapter 15 The Civil War Four border states did not secede: DelawareDelaware supported the Union. KentuckyKentucky started out neutral. After it was invaded by southern troops, Kentucky supported the Union. MissouriPresident Lincoln used force to keep Missouri in the Union. MarylandLincoln placed Maryland under martial law to keep it in the Union.

Chapter 15 The Civil War a larger population more acres of farmland more factories more railroad tracks The North was confident that it would win the war by taking advantage of its resources. These included: The North was able to field, feed, and equip larger armies.

Chapter 15 The Civil War The Union had an advantage over the Confederacy in its amount of resources.

Chapter 15 The Civil War On the other hand, the South had the advantage of land. The North would have to invade land with which they were not familiar. Also, three generals, including Robert E. Lee, had resigned from the U.S. Army to help the South. Robert E. Lee

Chapter 15 The Civil War The North planned a multi-part strategy to defeat the South. Blockade southern ports. Seize Richmond. Gain control of the Mississippi River and split the South in two.

Chapter 15 The Civil War

Chapter 15 The Civil War The South had a simpler strategy. They also sought help from Britain and other European nations that relied on the South for cotton. They only needed to defend their land until the Northern armies got tired of fighting.

Chapter 15 The Civil War South tries to force England and France to help with their war effort by refusing to send cotton – plan does not work

Chapter 15 The Civil War Many of these soldiers were young and inexperienced. When the Civil War began, thousands of soldiers volunteered for the Union and Confederate armies.

Chapter 15 The Civil War Life in an army camp was harsh. Soldiers faced boredom, disease, and even death. Camps were filthy and lacked clean water. Captured soldiers were placed in overcrowded prison camps. Outbreaks of diseases swept through the ranks. Thousands died from starvation or exposure.

Chapter 15 The Civil War Because many soldiers were unskilled, Union General Irvin McDowell wanted time to train his men. However, in the north, newspapers called for a quick end to the war. Union soldiers marched towards Richmond. During the First Battle of Bull Run, Confederate general “Stonewall” Jackson and his men held firm.

Chapter 15 The Civil War FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN – first major battle of the Civil War, fought near Washington, DC – was a Confederate victory Video Clip of Battle of Bull Run

Chapter 15 The Civil War GENERAL STONEWALL JACKSON rallies the Southern troops to victory

Chapter 15 The Civil War Inexperienced Union soldiers panicked and then retreated, but the Confederates were too exhausted to pursue them. Bull Run was an early sign that the war would be long and costly.