1. Chapter 11 The Civil War p. 382-415
People in the North and South hope for an early victory, but the Civil War will go on for years. Hundreds of thousands of Americans will be killed before the war ends.

2. Chapter 11, Section 1 The Call to Arms p. 386-391
As the war begins and states take sides, the North & the South draw up plans & hope for an early victory.

3. Taking Sides Not all slave states secede.
Main Idea: As the war begins and states choose sides, loyalties in the four border states are divided.
April 1861: After Fort Sumter, Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers join the army
This causes 4 more states secede & join the Confederacy: (Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and most of Virginia)
Not all slave states secede.
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware and 50 counties in Western Virginia refused to secede.
“Old Glory” vs.“The Southern Cross”

4. Border States
Slave states that refuse to secede are called “Border States”
Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia*, Maryland, & Delaware
Kentucky declares neutrality
not favoring either side in a conflict
When Southern sympathizers in eastern Maryland destroy railroad & telegraph lines, Lincoln declares martial law in eastern Maryland
military rule & citizens’ rights are suspended

5. North Against South Southern Advantages: Northern Advantages:
Main Idea: Each side has its advantages & disadvantages, and each side is sure it will win.
Southern Advantages:
Northern Advantages:
MORE of EVERYTHING:
Larger population:
22 million vs. 9 mill. in South
= More soldiers
75% of the nation’s wealth $
85% of the nation’s factories
More supplies: weapons, food, uniforms, medicine, etc…..
66% of the nation’s railroads
More men & equipment, more quickly
MILITARY ADVANTAGES:
The North must invade the South to win the war
South would fight a “defensive war” to protect their homes and families
Major motivation for men to join the Southern Army
Most experienced military officers are Southerners.
Three of the top U.S. generals resign from the army rather than fight against the South
Albert & Joseph Johnston & Robert E. Lee

6. HOW WOULD YOU USE YOUR ADVANTAGES to win the war?
Question for discussion:
If you were the North?
If you were the South?
HOW WOULD YOU USE YOUR ADVANTAGES to win the war?

7. The Two Sides Plan Strategy
Main Idea: While the North wants to isolate the South and invade it, the South hopes to get help from Europe.
War Strategies: The North
Economic Pressure:
1.) Naval blockade
-Keep cotton exports in the Southern ports
-Keep European imports out!
Military Pressure:
2.) Seize control of the Mississippi River
3.) Capture Richmond (Confederate capital)
What is an Anaconda?
Whose idea was this?

8. The Two Sides Plan Strategy
War Strategies: The South
Avoid losing major battles
Repel Union invasion
Fight a Defensive War
Always hold the “High Ground”
Gain European support
- Secure economic & military alliance with England & France
Make North quit
Sound familiar?
The Many flags of the Confederacy

9. Americans Against Americans
Main Idea: The war often divides families as it draws most adult males on both sides into the military.
The U.S. Civil War is referred to as the War Between the States
State against State
Town against Town
Family against Family
Brother against Brother
KY Sen. John Crittenden’s sons fight on opposite sides
Four of Mary Lincoln’s brothers fight for the South.
Billy Yank vs. Johnny Reb
800,000 white males of the South serve in the army
2.5 million serve in the North
“Billy Yank” & “Johnny Reb”

10. First Battle of Bull Run
Main Idea: Expectations of a quick victory are dashed at Bull Run in July 1861.
Called the 1st Battle of Manassas by the Confederacy
North names battles after nearest body of water
South after nearest town
Battle site between capitals
25 miles from D.C., about 75 from Richmond
Spectators come to watch
Bring picnic lunches
Random colored uniforms cause confusion.

11. First Battle of Bull Run
Unseasoned Union troops defeated by highly motivated & well-trained Confederate soldiers
Confusion over uniforms leads to “friendly fire”
Panic sets in following defeat as Union troops & spectators flee back to Washington, D.C.
Panic and gridlock on the road back to D.C.

12. Lessons of Bull Run Lessons for the North: Lessons for the South:
War will be a long, drawn-out, bloody conflict
Union soldiers need better training & better officers.
Lessons for the South:
Fight a defensive war
Make the Federals come to them.
Going to need help from Europe in order to win
Destroyed bridge after First Bull Run
What lessons were learned for each side?

13. A Soldier’s Life Soldiers train up to 10 hrs/day
Main Idea: Rain, mud, disease, and crowded prison camps take a heavy toll of both sides.
Soldiers train up to 10 hrs/day
They also stand guard, write home, gather firewood, play baseball, and eat hardtack.
Prisoner of War (P.O.W.) camps are horrible.
Elmira “Hellmira” in NY holds 10, It was built to hold 5,000.
Andersonville, GA was built for 10,000, It holds 35,000
Thousands die (up to 100/day) from starvation & exposure
Overcrowding is the worst.

14. 11.1 section focus question:
Why did each side in the Civil War think it would win easily?
Both sides had distinct advantages and strategies for winning. The North had more of everything: soldiers, weapons, supplies, money, and technology. The South had better officers and would be able to fight a defensive war. They only needed to make the North give up the fight.