1. Section 1 – pg 386 The Call to Arms
Chapter 11
Section 1 – pg 386
The Call to Arms

2. Pg 386
Taking Sides in the War
Two days after Fort Sumter, Lincoln declared that there was a rebellion in the South
Asked governors to raise 75,000 troops to help put it down
Support was great
Many Governors had
too many volunteers

3. Pg 386
More States Secede
Some states refused to send men to help fight
Others decided to secede
Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
The western part of Virginia did not support slavery
In 1863, this area was admitted to the Union as West Virginia

4. The Border States Pg 387 Loyalties remained divided in
Slave states that did not secede
Kentucky declared itself neutral (not supporting either side)
Union generals wanted to station troops there but Lincoln thought this would push them to secede
When Confederate forces invaded in Sept 1861, they decided to support the North

5. Lincoln fought to keep Missouri and Maryland
Pg 387
Lincoln fought to keep Missouri and Maryland
Missouri’s gov’t sided with south
ProUnion people set up own gov’t
Fighting broke out within state so Lincoln sent in troops
Missouri stayed in the Union through the whole war
ProSlavery people in Maryland destroyed railroads and telegraph wires
Lincoln placed Maryland under martial law
Martial Law: rule under which military is in charge and citizens rights are suspended
Anyone suspected of disloyalty were jailed without trail

6. Pg 388
North Against South
Both sides felt confident as they prepared for battle
The southern soldiers felt like they were fighting for freedom again

7. Pg 388
Southern Advantage
South was outnumbered but had some military advantages
To win, the North would have to invade and conquer the South
Home field advantage
Help from locals
Most of the nation’s top experienced generals were in the South
Albert Johnston, Joseph Johnston, and Robert E Lee

8. Pg 388
Northern Advantage
With more resources, the North was able to field, feed, and equip larger armies
America had 130,000 factories
110,000 were in the North
North had twice as many railroad tracks and farmland
Had higher population

9. The Two Sides Plan Strategy
Pg 389
The Two Sides Plan Strategy
To isolate the South, Lincoln put a
navy blockade on the southern
seaports
Blockade: a military action to
prevent traffic from coming
into an area or leaving it
Hoped to cut off supply of manufactured
goods and block overseas trade of cotton
Wanted to gain control of the Mississippi River, a major transportation link for the South
Planned to invade Virginia and take Richmond, the Confederate capital

10. Pg 389
South decided to defend their area and wait for the North to get tired of fighting
Sought aid from Britain and other European nations

11. Americans Against Americans
Pg 389
Americans Against Americans
On both sides, men rushed to sign up to fight
Many thought it would be a quick war
Families were broken apart as members took different sides
Four brothers of Mary Todd (Lincoln’s wife) were fighting for the Confederacy
Troops came from many backgrounds
Farmers, immigrants…
Most soldiers were between
the age 18 and 45, but some
were as young as 14

12. First Battle of Bull Run
Pg 390
First Battle of Bull Run
Union General Irvin McDowell left Washington with 30,000 men and marched into Virginia
About that many Confederate soldiers waited for them
Many people rode out to watch the battle
On July 21, armies clashed along Bull Run, a river just north of Manassas
The poorly trained union
troops panicked and fled
back to Washington
Confederates were too
exhausted to pursue them

13. Pg 391
A Soldier’s Life
Most soldiers spent most of their time in camp, not fighting
Training took 10 hours a day
When not training were standing guard, writing home, or gathering firewood
Meals were often a dry, cracker-like product called hardtack

15. Harsh Conditions Camp conditions were miserable
Pg 391
Harsh Conditions
Camp conditions were miserable
Lack of clean water was a problem
Outbreaks of smallpox, typhoid fever, and other disease went through the camps
Usually half the men were too sick to fight

16. Prisoners of War Both sides had prison camps for captured soldiers
Pg 391
Prisoners of War
Both sides had prison camps for captured soldiers
Overcrowded prisons were deathtraps
10% of men who died during war was in a prison camp
Often cut rations to bread and water, prisoners were forced to eat rats to survive