Day 61: English Literature English Lit – Periods 1 & 5 Learning target: Students will recall, recognize, and be able to discuss Victorian and Modern Era themes and “big ideas” and how they apply to literature of the time. Reading quiz: “A Cup of Tea” and “The Rocking Horse Winner” Complete worksheet: Literary Vocabulary for Poetry Victorian Poetry: Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Matthew Arnold, Thomas Hardy Homework: Please read the following to prepare for Friday: George Orwell’s “Shooting an Elephant” p. 1078-1084 Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s “Ulysses” p. 932-934 Begin preparing for last unit test on Tuesday

“Crossing the Bar” by Alfred, Lord Tennyson p. 928

Tone, Symbol, Rhyme Scheme An author’s attitude toward his or her subject matter or the audience. This is conveyed through word choice, punctuation, sentence structure, and figures of speech. Tone: Any object, person, place, or experience that exists on a literal level but also represents something else, usually something abstract. Symbol: Rhyme Scheme: The pattern that end rhymes form in a stanza or a poem

by Alfred Lord Tennyson “Tears, Idle Tears” by Alfred Lord Tennyson p. 929

Mood: the emotional quality of a literary work. Tone: Author’s attitude toward subject matter or audience. Conveyed through word choice, punctuation, sentence structure, figures of speech Imagery: the “word pictures” that writers create to evoke an emotional response. Setting: the time and place in which the events of a literary work occur.

Tears, Idle Tears Alfred Lord Tennyson Mood Imagery Setting Tears, idle tears, I know not what they mean, Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes, In looking on the happy Autumn-fields, And thinking of the days that are no more. Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, That brings our friends up from the underworld, Sad as the last which reddens over one That sinks with all we love below the verge; So sad, so fresh, the days that are no more. Ah, sad and strange as in dark summer dawns The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds To dying ears, when unto dying eyes The casement slowly grows a glimmering square; So sad, so strange, the days that are no more. Dear as remembered kisses after death, And sweet as those by hopeless fancy feigned On lips that are for others; deep as love, Deep as first love, and wild with all regret; O Death in Life, the days that are no more. Mood Imagery Setting

TOGETHER: Read “Building Background” p. 931 HOMEWORK: Read “Ulysses” by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, p. 932-934

“My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning Page 981

Elizabeth Barrett Browning p. 941 Wrote 44 sonnets describing fear, excitement, and hope after she finally fell in love. Waited until three years into her marriage to slip the sonnets into her husband’s coat pocket. Impressed, insisted she publish the poetic attempts. Not wanting to share her private feelings with the public, she published under the title Sonnets from the Portuguese. Read “Sonnet 43” by Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Terms Realism- Rhymed Couplets- Iambic Pentameter- Dramatic Monologue- Literary movement that sought to portray life as it was really lived. Rhymed Couplets- Rhymes at the end of two consecutive lines of poetry. Iambic Pentameter- Ten syllables per line, with one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable x 5 Dramatic Monologue- One speaker talks about an important event to someone who does not interrupt him (a silent listener). The speaker may be a fictional or historical figure and is clearly distinct from the poet. Read Building Background, p. 980

Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold 1822-1888 Read Building Background, p. 995, aloud to set the stage for this poem

DOVER BEACH Meter: a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that gives a line of poetry a more or less predictable rhythm Apostrophe: figure of speech in which a speaker addresses an inanimate object, idea, or absent person Allusion: a reference to a well known character place or situation from history, music, art, or another work of literature

Naturalism/Naturalists A view of nature as an indifferent/implacable force – nature does not care about any human suffering. More explanatory than Realism – tries to identify the underlying causes for a person’s actions/beliefs “My opinion is that a poet should express the emotion of all the ages and the thought of his own.” –Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy: 1840-1928 Hardy’s life time was a time of war. He was born towards the end of Queen Victoria's reign. Queen Victoria attempted to expand her empire during her time as queen through war. This was also a time of extreme change. During 1837 people lived rurally and worked on farms. By 1901 people lived in towns and worked in offices. During Queen Victoria’s time, England became the most rich and powerful country in the world.

Thomas Hardy Loved nature Wrote over 1000 poems in 3 decades He wanted to emphasize nature’s indifference to human suffering. Worked as an architect, wrote as a hobby - later became a career. A ‘self taught’ writer – gave him a unique voice. His personal life was often reflected in his writing – wrote about his relationships. Hardy was a writer in the realist genre, also a naturalist. Proclaimed as one of ‘the first great English writers’ in this genre.

The Darkling Thrush by Thomas Hardy p. 1005

Literary terms Metaphor – direct comparison between two things The land’s sharp features seemed to be the Century’s corpse out leant. The harsh landscape that has been caused by Winter is as dreadful as the passing of the 19th century. Personification – giving human characteristics to an object The weakening eye of day. The tangled bine-stems scored the sky. The sun is setting to the end of the day. The sun is reaching its branches of light across the sky Irony –contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality Some blessed Hope, whereof he knew and I was unaware. The bird knows that winter is coming to an end and feels hopeful, while the speaker sees no hope in the world.