Alternative fuels Presentation by Charlotte Sandström-Dahl AVL & AVL MTC

2 Layout of presentation: 1.Introduction to AVL MTC 2.Alternative fuels on the European market 3.Alternative fuels within the ERMES group 4.Emission factors for alternative fuels 5.Questions Alternative fuels

3 1. Introduction to AVL AVL is the world’s largest private and independent company developing powertrain systems with internal combustion engines along with instrumentation and test systems. Work for the Swedish authorities:  In-service conformity testing of both light duty and heavy duty vehicles  Coordinator for Alternative fuels

4 There is an ambitious goal set by the EU stating that emissions of greenhouse gases from the transport sector should be reduced and the share of renewables in the energy mix should be increased. The use of alternative fuels will increase and the need for reliable emission factors for these fuels are essential. Alternative fuels in Europe: -Ethanol: Low blend in petrol; E85 -Biodiesel: Primarily as low blend in diesel -Methane: CNG; LNG; CBG; LBG -LPG 2. Alternative fuels on the European market

5 - Research Issues within ERMES -Collection of data from all types of blends with alternative fuel -Emission standard Euro 4 and later -The results are differentiated between fuels, driving cycles and test temperatures 3. Alternative fuels within the ERMES group

6 4. Emission factors for alternative fuels Ratio between E85 vs E5 (conventional fuel) – tests performed on same vehicle individuals NEDC – legislative test cycle CADC – Common Artemis Driving Cycles (real world driving cycles)