2. Real Driving Emissions IWG Recommendations for Data Collection & EU Dataset
Pierre Bonnel, Alessandro Zardini
European Commission – Joint Research Centre
RDE-IWG Meeting – Geneva – 9th January 2019

3. Outline Minimum recommendations for data collection
Overview of European Dataset (Vehicles/ Tests per vehicles / Examples)
[Reminder] Supporting elements: Guidance for testing, Data evaluation tools

4. Outline Recommendations for data collection
Overview of European Dataset (Vehicles, Tests per vehicles, Example of results)
[Reminder] Supporting elements: Guidance for testing, Data evaluation tools, PEMS instrumentation uncertainty

5. Boundary conditions
Main elements which are specific to Contracting Parties:
Moderate and extended temperature and altitude ranges
Overall driving dynamics (draft GTR Appendix 5)
Excess of absence of driving dynamics (Appendix 7a)

6. Recommendations - Vehicle testing
Laboratory testing:
Vehicles shall be tested on the applicable certification cycle(s) and possibly the WLTP
Road load derivation shall be conducted according to the rules applicable to the considered cycle and the CO2 emissions [g/km] shall be measured for each phase of the cycle(s)

7. Recommendations - Vehicle testing
On road testing:
Vehicles shall be tested according to the draft GTR testing protocol (Appendix 1)
PEMS test equipment shall fulfill Appendix 2 requirements
Some tests (at least one per vehicle) should fulfill the U/R/M coverage and order requirements currently laid down in the draft GTR
CPs may/should add tests whose coverage is different from the GTR requirements and whose trip composition (U/R/M driving) must include the driving situations of interest in terms of driving dynamics and vehicle conditioning
Altitude coverage and cumulative altitude gain should be considered when selecting routes for testing

8. Recommendations – Test fleets
Vehicle selection
The test fleet should cover the range of up-to-date technologies, vehicle categories and power-to-mass ratio representative for the considered region
Vehicle preparation and documentation
According to GTR
Additional regional specific: declared CO2 emissions on the type approval cycle(s)

9. Outline Minimum recommendations for data collection
Overview of European Dataset (Vehicles/ Tests per vehicles)
[Reminder] Supporting elements: Guidance for testing, Data evaluation tools, PEMS instrumentation uncertainty

10. Overview 11 vehicles (4 petrol, 6 diesel, 1 OVC-HEV)
After-treatments: TWC, DOC, SCR, LNT, EGR, DPF
79 RDE tests
6 Routes (ESP, LAB, ESD, LAD, Ries, Arzberg)
PEMS (AVL-Move, Sensors-Semtech)

11. List of Vehicles Vehicle Category Fuel Euro Volume [cm3] Power [kW]
Transmission
Treatment
After
Ref. CO2 mass (WLTP/2) 1 M1
Petrol 6b
1000 70 MT
TWC
1.435 2
Diesel
2950
193 AT
DOC+EGR+DPF+SCR
2.608 3
1950
110
EGR+LNT+DPF
1.618 4 6
1600
140
2.011 5
1250 51
1.634 N1
1550 73
1.695 7 5b
130
EGR+DPF
2.175 8
Petrol/Elect.
1400
110+75
1.836 9
6750
420
N/A
3.851 10
1968
SCR+PDF
1.474 11 90
1.525

12. EU Dataset – Overview of emissions data
CO2 and NOx emissions over the complete routes “as such”, i.e. unprocessed for trip validity and emissions corrections according to EU-RDE

13. Vehicle 10 (Example) – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 54
Normal
constant
16.8
1084 N 55
15.8
1327 56
14.6
1337 57
12.2
1104 58
Dynamic
16.1
1124 59
Low emissions driving
17.7
1049 60
19.1
1038 61
17.3
790 62
22.3
775 63
Emissions Provoking Driving
8.6
1089 64
Emissions Provoking Driving Loaded
10.7
811 65
26.3
1061

14. Example: Vehicle 10– Effect of testing conditions
Test #60 (Normal driving)

15. Example: Vehicle 10– Effect of testing conditions
Test #63 (Emissions provoking)

16. Outline Minimum recommendations for data collection
Overview of European Dataset (Vehicles/ Tests per vehicles)
[Reminder] Supporting elements: Guidance for testing, Data evaluation tools, PEMS instrumentation uncertainty

17. Supporting documents and tools - Guidance
Guidance: practical recommendations for the execution of real-driving emissions (EU-RDE) tests with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) on board of light-duty vehicles (LDV)
Best practices contained in this guidance note aim at obtaining valid PEMS tests and to prevent wrongdoings in the preparation, execution, and follow up of emissions testing with PEMS
Types of PEMS tests: EU-RDE & research
C109812

18. Supporting documents and tools - Guidance
In-use emissions test with PEMS [What shall I measure and how]?
Instrumentation performance requirements [Which instruments shall I use?]
Test preparation [How do I select and prepare the vehicle for the test?]
Test conditions [Under which conditions shall I test the vehicle?]
Test Protocol [How shall I conduct the test?]
Data screening [How shall I evaluate the quality of the measurements?]

19. Supporting documents and tools - EMROAD 6
EMROAD 6 (To be released within January 2019) can run calculations according to the EU RDE Regulation (“RDE4”)
The tool is available in the CIRCABC group "New light duty test procedures: WLTP, MAC, ...", in the section "RDE-LDV Reference documents and tools".
Access to this section is open to all and does not require any registration or membership: b e02-956d-048dcef1a169

20. EMROAD
EMROAD is a Microsoft Excel add-in for analyzing vehicle emissions data recorded with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). In the frame of the European legislative PEMS programs for heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), and light-duty vehicles (LDV), EMROAD was developed as a research tool, primarily used to support the development of PEMS data evaluation methods for the EU emissions legislation.
These legislative developments being completed, EMROAD is updated by the JRC on a regular basis to meet:
- For light-duty vehicles, the applicable methods and requirements are laid down in EU Regulations 2016/427 (except for the Power Binning Method in Appendix 6), 2016/646, 2017/1154 and 2018/1832 (RDE4, from January 2019) on Real Driving Emissions (RDE).
- For heavy-duty vehicles, the applicable methods and requirements are laid down in Regulations 582/2011, 2016/1718 and upcoming regs (EURO VIe, from January 2019).

21. [EU Dataset] Testing conditions per vehicle

22. Vehicle 1 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 1
Dynamic
constant
11.4
761 N 2
7.8
791 3
Normal
25.6
766 4
14.4
788 5
15.7
775 6
9.6
847 7
19.9
880 8
873 9
709

23. Vehicle 2 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 10
Dynamic
constant
17.2
781 N 11
14.3
792 12
Normal
16.1
777 13
21.5
597 14
21.8
852 15
14.7
905 16
883

24. Vehicle 3 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 17
Normal
constant
20.2
604 N 18
28.4
796 19
Dynamic
21.0
769 20
24.2
783 21
25.4
610 22
779 23
30.3
879 24
22.4
873 25
29.3
887

25. Vehicle 4 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 26
Normal
constant
21.3 7 N 27
12.6
749 28
11.5
746 29
6.2 2 30
9.3
585 31
7.2
763

26. Vehicle 5 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 32
Dynamic
constant
25.2
603 N 33
Normal
29.4
623 34
26.3
601 35
25.7
738 36
31.6
886 37
21.0
742

27. Vehicle 6 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 38
Dynamic
constant
21.1
614 N 39
Normal Loaded
250
22.5
600 40
Normal
30.1
790 41
18.8
785 42
23.6
631 43
28.3
733 44
27.3
869 45
31.4
863

28. Vehicle 7 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 46
Normal
constant
26.7
886 N 47
31.3
568

29. Normal - Battery charge
Vehicle 8 – Testing conditions
Test ID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 48
Normal - Hybrid
constant
25.5
764 N 49
Normal - Emode
26.5
604 50
22.6
769 51
Normal - Battery charge
19.1
776

30. Vehicle 9 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 52
Normal
constant
23.1
236 N 53
7.7
537

31. Vehicle 10 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 54
Normal
constant
16.8
1084 N 55
15.8
1327 56
14.6
1337 57
12.2
1104 58
Dynamic
16.1
1124 59
Low emissions driving
17.7
1049 60
19.1
1038 61
17.3
790 62
22.3
775 63
Emissions Provoking Driving
8.6
1089 64
Emissions Provoking Driving Loaded
10.7
811 65
26.3
1061

32. Vehicle 11 – Testing conditionsID
Driving
condition
Payload
[kg]
T amb.
[C]
Cumulative altitude
gain [m]
Extended
conditions 66
Normal
constant
29.0
1183 N 67
27.1
1351 68
27.7
1352 69
32.8
1424 70
20.7
1101 71
24.6
1343 72
18.1
1115 73
Dynamic
22.0
1825 74
19.3
1976 75
Emissions Provoking Driving Loaded
30.8
1030 76
20.8
772 77
27.6
763 78
Emissions Provoking Driving Loaded Alpine
32.3
1083 79
29.6
1059