1. Manufacturing Engineering Introduction to Bioenergy Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved. 1

2. Bell Work Activity Please take out a sheet of paper and complete the following. A. Why do you think recycling is important? B. Have you ever noticed the amount of food products that are disposed of daily in restaurants and homes? C. List three ways this excess food can be used to help our environment. 2 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

3. Warm-Up Activity Introduction to Bioenergy Matching Terms and Definitions A. There are several important terms and definitions students need to know. B. Students will complete Introduction to Bioenergy Matching Terms and Definitions handout. C. Students may work in groups. 3 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

4. Overview Humankind has used bioenergy resources since the beginning of time. Wood and grass were used to build and sustain fires for warmth, cooking, lighting, and protection. As we advanced in our use of technology, we developed additional forms of bioenergy like animal fat and alcohol. Today, the development and use of bioenergy has become a multi-billion dollar industry. We are now more aware of the need to conserve our natural resources by creating more renewable energy resources. 4 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

5. Sources of Bioenergy Ultimately, organic plant material must be used as source material to create bioenergy. This source material can be found in many forms. Live plants, fast growing trees and grasses, can be quickly grown and harvested to create biofuels. Waste (vegetable) cooking oils and animal fat can be processed into fuel as well. Plant waste and wood chip waste is also a great source of bioenergy. Landfills are a great source of methane gas that is created naturally as the organic material underground decomposes. 5 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

6. Applications of Bioenergy (Biopower) Biopower is created when biomass is used to create electricity from generators in power plants around the world. Biomass products like wood are used as fuel to create steam to drive the electrical generators. Methane from decaying biomass is used as a fuel to heat boilers for steam that can be used to create electricity as well. 6 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

7. Applications of Bioenergy (Biopower) The pyrolysis process is used to create a liquid fuel that is very similar to petroleum and can be used to create electricity. When biomass material is heated without oxygen, the material changes into biomass oil. This oil can be used as a substitute for petroleum. 7 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

8. Applications of Bioenergy (Biofuel) Modern society has a tremendous need for transportation systems. Many of these systems require vast fuel resources. Ethanol is created by fermenting biomass products that are high in carbohydrates. This alcohol-based fuel is used to mix with petroleum- based fuels to help reduce carbon emissions from internal combustion engines. 8 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

9. Applications of Bioenergy (Biofuel) Methanol is another alcohol-based biofuel that can be made using wood, natural gas, or biomass. It can then be used as a fuel or as base ingredients in the production of plastics. Biodiesel is created by combining methanol with animal fats, vegetable, or cooking oils. The fuel can help reduce carbon emissions from internal combustion engines and also serve as an alternative to diesel fuel. 9 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.