INTRODUCTION ADE SUDIRMAN, S.Pd ENGLISH DEPARTMENT MATHLA’UL ANWAR UNIVERSITY

Introduction Linguistics levelMeaning Pragmatic Semantic Syntactic Morphological Phonology Dealing with language in use Dealing with meaning Dealing with sentence-structure Dealing with word-structure Dealing with sound systems

WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY?  The branch of linguistics (and one of the major components of grammar) that studies word structures especially in terms of morphemes. Adjective: morphological.linguisticsgrammarword morphemes ( htm)  Katamba (1993) says that Morphology is the study of word structure.

Morpheme Definitions  Ingo Plag (2003) says, “Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit.”  Hanafi (2003) states that morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of an utterance.  Morpheme is the smallest difference in the shape of a word that correlates with the smallest difference in a word or sentence meaning or in grammatical structure. (Katamba: 1993)

 Bound Morphemes – cannot occur unattached.  Free Morphemes – can stand on its own. (root words and function words) Ex. glasses glass – free morpheme -es – bound morpheme

Noun Adverb Adjectives Verb Pronoun Conjunction Preposition Article

Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes) -derivational -inflectional DERIVATIONAL Ex. Impossible Im- deriv.Possible – root word

How many morphemes? A A book A green book A thick green book

Morphological Interface 1. Morpho-Phonological Interface 1. Liberty (noun) liberties (noun plural) 2. Independence (noun) independency (noun) 2. Morpho-Syntactical Interface 1. Anis laughed at her friend. 2. They love each other.

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