1. Morphology
The Structure of Words

2. Morphemes Defined as, “a minimal unit of meaning”
Not the same as a syllable, which is a unit of sound (e.g., tuxedo has one morpheme and three syllables, while sixths has three morphemes and one syllable)
Not the same as a word, although a word can contain only one morpheme (e.g., tree, tuxedo)
Some morphemes are bound, meaning they can only appear attached to some other morpheme (e.g., -s, -ly, -un). Free morphemes can appear by themselves as words

3. Allomorphs
Defined as “a variant of morpheme;” variant can be in pronunciation and/or spelling
Examples:
Hymn, hymnal
-ible, -able, gullible/gullibility, usable
Electric/electricity
Condemn/condemnation

4. Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphology
Derivational Morphemes form new words, often changing the word class (part of speech) - E.g., bake/baker, legal/legalize
Inflectional Morphemes make a different form of the same word, such as plural or past tense. The eight inflectional morphemes in English will be shown on the next slide.

5. English Inflectional Morphemes
On Nouns:
Plural -s
Possessive -’s
On Verbs:
3rd person singular present tense -s
Past tense -ed
Part participle -en
Present participle -ing
On Adjectives:
Comparative -er
Superlative -est

6. Types of Morphology
Affixation - adding an affix (prefix or suffix) to a root (e.g., en-list-ed)
Compounding - combining two or more roots in a single word (e.g., eggplant, greenhouse)
Internal Change - changing part of the root (e.g., sit/sat, foot/feet, mouse/mice)
Suppletion - changing the root completely (e.g., good/better, is/am)
Zero-Change - changing nothing (e.g., fish/fish, hit/hit)

7. Some Adjective Affixes

8. Some Noun Affixes

9. Some More Noun Affixes

10. Still More Noun Affixes

11. Some Verb and Negative Affixes

12. Word Classes (Parts of Speech)
Form Class Words
Also known as “Content Words” and “Open Class Words”
Have Semantic Content
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs
Structure Class Words
Also know as “Function Words” and “Closed Class Words”
Have a Grammatical Function
Pronouns, Articles, Prepositions, Auxiliaries…