1. Derivational morphemes
Viktoriya POLTAVETS SÖNMEZ

2. I. Morphology Morph (form) + ology (science of)
-- > Morphology (the science of word forms)
The study of the internal structure of words
The rules by which words are formed

3. Traditionally, the term “morphology” refers to the study of “morphemes”.
But…what’s a morpheme?

4. I. 1. What is morpheme? Dictionary: Morpheme (môr'fēm') n.
A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
morphemic mor·phem'ic adj.
morphemically mor·phem'i·cal·ly adv.

6. A morpheme is a piece of phonological information that has a conventionalized meaning arbitrarily associated with it.
EX: speak (v.) + -er = speaker (n.)
The “-er” that changes “speak” to “speaker” is a part of what’s known as the derivational morphology of English.
Derivational morphology deals with morphemes that change the lexical category of the word they are added to.
Since “-er” changes “speak”, a verb, to “speaker”, a noun, we can say it derives the noun “speaker” from the verb “speak”.

7. I.1.1.Derivational morphemes
Far more numerous than inflectional morphemes
Allow productivity (involved in the coining of new words)
Can be prefixes, or suffixes
Suffixes usually, but not always, change word class
Prefixes, usually don’t

8. Derivational morphemes derive one word from another.
They have the following properties:
- They affect the meaning of the morpheme that they attach to.
E.g. re- means to redo the process, de- means to undo the process, un- means not….
- They can change the grammatical category of the word they attach to.
E.g. noun becomes adjective, adjective becomes verb, etc.
- They can be used to create new words, such as debug, reboot, unbirthday, etc.

9. English Affixes (based on the position)
Prefix: An affix that occurs before a morpheme
It changes the type of meaning of the word.
Suffix: An affix that occurs after a morpheme
It changes the category and/or the type of meaning of the word, so it is said to create a new word.
e.g. suffix –ment in government

10. English Prefixes Examples of Negative Prefixes: un- non- dis- a-
Examples of size and degree prefixes:
mini- sub- over- super-

11. English Suffixes Class preserving suffixation: -er  lecturer
-ian librarian
-ist  scientist
-let  piglet
Class changing suffixation:
Verb  Noun
perform performance
Adjective  Adverb
nice  nicely
Adjective  Noun
active  activity

12. Some examples of English Derivational Morpheme
-ic : Noun  Adj ; alcohol  alcoholic
-ance : Verb  Noun ; clear  clearance
-ly : Adj  Adv ; exact  exactly
-ity : Adj  Noun ; active  activity
-able : Verb  Adj ; read  readable
-ship : Noun  Noun ; friend  friendship
re : Verb  Verb ; cover  recover
in- : Adj  Adj ; definite  indefinite

13. How to teach derivation morphemes in the classroom?

14. Add the prefix un to each word.
ACTIVITY 1.
The prefix un means the opposite.
happy
Un + happy =
Un + lock =
lock
zip
Un + zip =
Sixth grade

15. dis + like = …………………………………………….
ACTIVITY 2.
Add the prefix dis to each word
The prefix dis means the opposite.
like
dis + like = …………………………………………….
agree
dis + agree =……………………………………….
connect
dis + connect = …………………………….

16. 1 My bedroom is always……………………… .
Complete the sentences. Use the negative form of the adjectives in the box.
1 My bedroom is always……………………… .
2 Everyone does things differently – you shouldn’t be ……………………… .
3 It’s ……………………… if you don’t say ‘Thank you’ in English.
4 I bought a new bed because the old one was quite ……………………… .
5 I think it’s ……………………… to get all the answers correct!
6 He laughed at her when she was upset. He’s very ……………………… .
7 Our new neighbours are a bit ……………………… . They didn’t say ‘hello’ this morning Wait a minute! Don’t be so ……………………… .
Comfortable,friendly, patient, polite, possible, sensitive, tidy, tolerant.

17. REFERENCES:
Akkan, Hakan "Turkish EFL Learners' Awareness and Use of English Morphology in Guessing the Meanings of Unknown Words from Context: A Case Study"
Yule,G. (2006). The study of language. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.