Africa, India, & New British Empire

Key Ideas 1.Sepoy Rebellion 2.What is a dubar? 3.What made it hard for Indians to actually get a job in the Civil Service? 4.What disease became a huge issue in India? 5.Dutch East Indian Company founded South Africa 6.Boer War | South African War

British in India EIC –Gained permission to built forts After death of Aurangzeb, Mughals were in decline –Locals proclaimed independence –EIC expanded trading posts –Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta –EIC gained permission to rule from Mughals and locals

British in India Used Sepoys to control militarily 1857-Sepoy Rebellion/ Mutiny –Rebels had too many different goals Allowed British to establish direct imperial rule in India

Cawnpore Sepoys killed: –60 soldiers –180 civilians –375 women and children British destroyed Sepoys with fresh troops

British Imperial Rule New office of Secretary of State to India Civil Service staff of British –Exams Reforms –Restructured land holdings –Railways and telegraphs –Canals, harbors, irrigation systems –English style schools –Suppressed customs contrary to British laws (sati)

Indian Nationalism Rammohun Roy INC –Upper class Hindus –Founded with British approval in 1885

South Africa Dutch East India Company –Established Cape Town in 1625 –Dutch descendants first called Boers then Afrikaners –Often fought with natives over land British took over during Napoleonic Wars –Abolished slavery-Afrikaners not happy –Great Trek Afrikaners migrated to the east

Results of the Great Trek Created: Republic of Natal –Annexed by the British in 1843 Orange Free State in 1854 South African Republic in 1860 –The Transvaal

Boer War (South African War) Discovery of diamonds and gold in Afrikaners’ regions Natives served on both sides Afrikaners lost

African States Zulu in southern Africa –Shaka ( ) Created disciplined society –Led to creation of Swazi and Lesotho Sokoto Caliphate in West Africa –created out of Muslim jihad

Egypt Controlled by Ottomans Napoleon wanted to use Egypt to get to the British in India –Failed, he left his army –Left Egypt in a big mess Muhammad Ali took control with a large army modeled after the Europeans –Ruled from

Egypt under Muhammad Ali Industrialization –Cotton textiles and armaments Technically he was under the Ottoman Sultan Invaded Syria and Anatolia Almost captured Istanbul, but the British intervened (they were scared of the Russians)

Ethiopia Purchased European weapons and created a strong army Giant cannon British invaded and the emperor committed suicide so the British left Ethiopians always able to defend themselves (even in WWII)