1. Imperialism in India and Africa

2. British East India Company
Decline of Mughal Empire  British East India Company controlled 3/5 of India because India was culturally divided (many languages and traditions) & superior weapons
Goals of Company – make money, build roads (connect for trade), preserve peace, and curtail crime

3. Problems/Issues with British Rule
Required Indian soldiers to serve any where  overseas travel against religion
Allowed Hindu women to remarry (against religion)
Cartridges (bite tips off to use)  greased with animal fat (cow – problem with Hindus or Pig – problem with Muslims)
Insensitive to beliefs and customs of Indian people

4. Sepoy Rebellion Sepoy – Indian soldier
Sepoys refused to load rifles (grease on bullets)  dismissed
Rebelled  massacred British men, women, and children
British crushed revolt  torched villages and slaughtered unarmed Indians
Great Britain took over control of India – no longer controlled by company

5. British Rule in India - Pros
Built roads and railroads
Improved communication (telegraph and postal system)
Medical improvements
New farming techniques  increased food supply (led to population growth)
Legal system – justice for all

6. British Rule in India - Cons
Hurt India’s hand weaving industry – sold machine made goods in India (machine made goods are cheaper/more of them)
Pushed farmers to grow cash crops (cotton) – strain on food supply (could not support large population)

7. Imperialism in Africa

8. Imperialism in Africa

9. Imperialism in Africa - Egypt
Suez Canal
1. Connected the Red Sea to the
Mediterranean Sea – short cut between
Europe and Asia (no longer have to go
around Africa to get to Indian Ocean)
2. Built in 1869 with Egyptian labor and
French money
3. Eventually, British purchased Egypt’s shares
in the canal  British occupied Egypt by 1882

10. Suez Canal

11. Imperialism in Africa – South Africa
Dutch arrived in the Cape of Good Hope in 1652 (pit stop between Netherlands and Asia)
Dutch settlers (Boers) established large farms
British took over the Cape Colony in the 1800s – conflict between British and Boers

12. Imperialism in Africa – South Africa
1830s – Boers moved north to escape British rule (Great Trek)
Discovery of gold and diamonds in Boer territory  led to conflict
1899 – Boers vs. British (Boer Wars)
Britain won
1902 – Boer republics became part of Union of South Africa, controlled by the British

13. Imperialism in Africa – Ethiopia and Liberia
Ethiopia and Liberia – only two nations to remain independent during the age of imperialism

14. Impact of Colonial Rule - Pros
Reduced local warfare
Improved sanitation
Built hospitals (increased life expectancy) and schools (improved literacy)
Built railroads, dams, and telephone and telegraph lines

15. Impact of Colonial Rule - Cons
Africans lost control of their land and independence
Many died of new diseases such as smallpox
Many died trying to resist European control
Famine due to growth of cash crops instead of food
Breakdown of traditional African culture