1. Ch 24 : Early Imperialism What is imperialism? What nations may be at risk for this? What events may have caused the introduction of imperialism?

2. Changes in Africa 1750-1870s: Early 1800s- Droughts hit southern coast of Africa-brings conflict among neighboring tribes. End to the slave trade on the Atlantic Coast- need for new markets Industrialization helps to open trading posts New cash crops developed to compensate for trade deficiencies in other regions.

3. Abolition of Slavery on the Atlantic Slave traders move their business to the east coast of Africa New trade commodities come out such as gold, oils, soaps, cotton Questions to Consider: Who is involved in this new market? How does it effect the social structure of the African East?

4. New Empires Emerge Drought causes conflict over grazing lands: SOUTH AFRICA: –New leader emerges: Shaka Uses military combat to build a Zulu Empire in South Africa

5. 3 Groups in South Africa Shaka chief of the Zulus created a centralized African state by 1816 in South Africa This became British controlled land in 1887 The Dutch (aka Boers) had been there since the 1600’s In the 1830’s the British pushed the Boers out into Zulu territory, known as the Great Trek

6. WEST AFRICA: Movements to purify Islam Jihad brings new nation states New Muslim States become centers for learning Questions to consider: How does this effect the social, economical, and political make-up of West Africa?

7. Egypt and Ethiopia EGYPT: Muhammad Ali- reforms the military Cotton becomes an export Ismail- Ali’s grandson-wants to “westernize” Egypt-bringing in Railroads Questions to consider: How might “westernizing” change the cultural values of the people? Ethiopia: Purchases weapons from the west for protection Question to consider: How might the purchasing of guns hinder or help the Ethiopians?

8. Europeans in Africa First European’s in Africa are: Explorers or Missionaries such as David Livingston, Henry Morton Stanley Looking for natural resources, tracing the courses of the major rivers of Africa Questions to consider:

9. India in the 18 th Century Mughal Empire is weakening Giving up Administrative and Economic power to the British, French and Dutch B, F, D- Establishing trading Co. in the Indian Ocean and new trading posts in India British Push out French with the British East India Co. They use SEPOYs (Indian troops) to protect their trade posts British rein in India (RAJ)- they create Administrative and social reform BUT respect social and religious customs Questions to consider:

10. British Imperialism in India The East India Company – dominated India as early as 1757 –ran by the British government –Even had their own army staffed by Sepoys (Indian soldiers) –Became known as “The Jewel in the Crown” because it was the most valuable colony

11. Jewel in the Crown: India 300 Million People to market to Produced Raw Materials—tea, indigo, coffee, cotton and opium Opium sold to China for tea---then sold in Britain

12. British-RAJ Provided protection to locals and trade posts with Sepoys Allowed Christians to enter Established private ownership of land FOCUS: Rich elites Poor become upset- particularly the Sepoys

13. The Sepoys Rebel Economic conditions worsened for the Indians In 1857 gossip spread that the Sepoy rifle cartridges were sealed with beef fat The cow is a sacred animal to Hindus 85 of 90 Sepoys would not take the cartridges The “Sepoy Mutiny” began the Nationalism movement and the eventual freedom of India from colonial rule

14. Results of the Sepoy Mutiny Sepoy Mutiny: Guards rebel against British Government many killed Sparks a national rebellion of the Indian people –Pride, Protect and Control their own country –Create Indian National Congress and Muslim League –Wanted to self-govern Results: Britain gains control back through the RAJ Sparks Nationalist Movement…eventually ran by Gandhi…through peaceful protest

15. Imperialism in other parts of the world: Ottoman Empire, South East Asia and US Lecture #4

16. The Ottoman Empire Made up of Muslim traders and military (people who believe in the Islamic Faith) Control very popular land that the Europeans wanted Problems in their empire –Not as technologically advanced as the Europeans –Internal corruption of leadership –Coinage not valued by the Europeans

17. Europeans: Take over Ottoman Empire Europe plays Geopolitics: Taking land due to its important location or products Ottomans controlled the Mediterranean and Red Sea trade Europe wanted this! Russia also wanted a piece of the Ottoman Empire: The Black Sea for OIL! –Result: Crimean War-- Russia vs. Ottomans France and Britain did not want Ottomans to lose so they help fight off Russia and win!!

18. The “Great Game” Geopolitical Struggle between Russia and Great Britain –Fight over India and Afghanistan –Result: India is kept by the British and Afghanistan signs a NON-aggression pact with Russia (making them buddies until Russian invades in 1979)

19. Western Powers rule Southeast Asia on the Pacific Rim Pacific Rim: all nations with coasts that touch the Pacific Ocean—Great for Trade through China Dutch take Indonesia British take Malaysia French control Indochina (Vietnam, Burma, Cambodia) Japan takes Korea and Taiwan—Only Asian country to do so!!!

20. US Imperialism United States take: Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam –Promise to teach how to set up self-rule –Help to support the economies US interested in Hawaii: –Sugar plantations set up and plantation owners gain power –Political Control: Queen Liliuokalani VS Dole –Queen wants to keep power, but looses to Sanford B. Dole (plantation owner and politician) Dole pushes for ANNEXATION-Hawaii becomes a state.