1. Changes in Exchanges in Africa
Lets start Chapter 25!

2. Changes and Exchanges in Africa:
Southern Africa
Zulu kingdom forms and most powerful and feared fighters
Europeans move into the area called Cape Town, because it is a valuable port
Refer to themselves as Afrikaners
British force Afrikaners out, with rules, and they establish two new colonies
Diamonds discovered in Kimberley leads to Great Britain annexing and going to war with Zulu

3. Changes and Exchanges in Africa:
Southern Africa
Great Britain wins and Great Britain takes the Afrikaners over when gold discovered in their location in the Boer War
Cecil Rhodes
British entrepreneur that takes over gold and diamond industry and helps English colonization
British thought South Africa would rule itself like the Americas
Afrikaners make up majority and create a segregated and racist society

4. Changes and Exchanges in Africa:
West and Equatorial Africa
King Leopold II of Belgium opens up the interior of Africa in the Congo
The Berlin Conference
Bismarck calls to set up the rules for the partition of Africa
Africans made to be workers
Rather than rule these colonies directly, let private companies control them with a monopoly
Leads to abuse, such as the Congo

5. What did Britain hope would happen in South Africa?

6. It would rule itself like the Americas

7. Changes and Exchanges in Africa:
Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia
Egypt and Ethiopia remain free of European control and try modernize
Want to be more European, especially, Egypt
Building project launched, culminating in the Suez Canal in 1969
Egyptian cotton collapses it falls into massive debt opening it up for foreign control
Sell Suez Canal to Britain and Britain eventually sends military in to protect investment
Indirectly rule Egypt

8. Changes and Exchanges in Africa:
Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia
Menelik II keeps Ethiopia free from Italian invasion
Had weapons from Europe and U.S.
Transition from the Slave Trade
Great Britain and U.S. abolish slave trade in 1807
Great Britain most aggressive with navy
Africans have to engage in legitimate trade to replace slavery

9. Changes and Exchanges in Africa:
Transition from the Slave Trade
Slaves used in Africa to help legitimate exports and it was very similar to American slavery, even jobs
Sierra Leone used by British for freed slaves
Spread of western ideas
Liberia created by free black Americans for the same reasons
Secondary Empire in Eastern Africa
Slave trade moves to Eastern Africa and still used by Muslims

10. What opened Egypt up to foreign control?

11. Massive debt

12. India Under British Rule:
East India Company
Europeans establish trading posts protected by Indians
East India company annexes large territories and set-ups British raj to remake India in English form
Britain endows elites with more power to get on their side
General population suffers
Britain upsets Indian Hindus and Muslims
Sepoys to fight overseas
Riffles stored in fat (cattle and pigs)

13. India Under British Rule:
East India Company
Leads to the Sepoy Rebellion
Political Reform and Industrial Impact
Queen Victoria promises equal protection and princes stay in power as long as they were loyal to the Queen
Elaborate ceremonies to show that they were replacing the Mughals
Indian Civil Service
Professional class of officials who administered the government of British India

14. India Under British Rule:
Political Reform and Industrial Impact
New technologies brought in, such as the railroad
Poverty remains the norm
Disease spreads, especially, cholera
Indians belief punishment

15. How did Britain upset Indians?

16. Over seas requirements / Riffles stored in animal fat