The Civil War What causes the Civil War?

Confederate States of America Dec. 1860: S. Carolina secedes from the Union followed by MS, FL, AL, GA, LA & TX, Jefferson Davis named President of CSA CSA writes new constitution. Slavery legal 1861: Confederate Army starts taking Federal Forts in South Mar 1861: Lincoln sends supplies (not troops) to Fort Sumter in SC Confederate Army attacks, takes Fort Lincoln wants to use army, VA, AK, NC & TN all secede, WVA is Union

North (Union)South (Confederacy) Population20 million9.5 million EconomyVery industrialized King “cotton” Other AdvantagesMore ships, weapons, iron Top Generals, very motivated soldiers StrategyBlock Southern ports to stop cotton exports, send Navy into Mississippi River, cut Confed. in half Largely defensive

Bull Run First major battle of Civil War Back and forth but confederate soldiers won under “Stonewall” Jackson Confederates confident!

In the West … Union General Ulysses S. Grant led forces in the west. Narrowly escaped defeat at Shiloh (25,000 dead). June 1862: Grant took control of most of Southern Mississippi. Union General David G. Farragut, takes New Orleans securing the Mississippi River

Antietam, MD McLellan’s (Union) army beat Robert E. Lee’s army (Confederate) Bloodiest single-day battle in American history McLellan does not chase Confederate army after the battle, Lee escape Lincoln fires him

The Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863) Lincoln frees slaves in southern states Proves he still has authority over whole US Doesn’t free slaves in non- confederate states

Life During the War British stop buying cotton from South, Southern economy hurt Many soldiers forced into Army (conscription) African-Americans made up 10% of Union Army, most famous 54 th Regiment Women served as nurses First income tax passed

North Takes Charge: Gettysburg ,000 Union troops vs. 75,000 Confederate troops 23,000 Union soldiers and 25,000 Confederate soldiers died Confederate army retreats South Lincoln gives “Gettysburg Address”

Grant & Sherman After win at Vicksburg, Grant is now leader of Union Army Appoints William Sherman as commander in the East. Sherman begins burning Southern towns to the ground (War Crime??)

End of the War Lincoln reelected in 1864 – North looks likely to win Lee surrenders at Appomatox, VA (April 3, 1865) Terms were generous for South, but 13 th Amendment outlaws slavery in US Confederate soldiers are permitted to return home