Lesson 2

NEEDS ANALYSIS Student want to work on: Speaking about complex topics Speaking on the phone (companies) Speaking with doctors Practicing for job interviews Giving Presentations Speaking at work Social conversations

Assignment #1: Diagnostic PRONUNCIATION PROFILE

Well Said, Speech Profile Page 4

Pronunciation Problems Universal Problems / θ / /ð/ / ŋ / / d ʒ / /t ʃ / Word endings Intonation Pausing Reduction Stress (word and sentence) Individual Problems

Reading, p. 1 Have you ever watched young children practice the sounds of the language they are learning? They imitate, repeat, and sing consonant and vowel combinations without effort. For young children, learning to speak a language is natural and automatic. No one would suspect that complex learning is occurring. For adult learners, however, pronunciation of a new language is not automatic. It presents an unusual challenge. Why is pronunciation progress in adults more limited? Some researchers say the reasons are biological or physical. Others say they are social or cultural. Although many questions are still unanswered, it’s important to realize two things about clear speaking. First, pronunciation improvement might be a challenge, but almost everyone makes progress. Second, adults can learn to communicate clearly in English without giving up their accents or their identification with their native cultures.

Brain Exercises – Let’s Review!

What’s are these symbols from?

What’s the difference between the /b/ and /p/ sounds in ‘bad’ and ‘pad’?

Places of Articulation

The Three Dimensions of Consonants: 1. Voicing /s/ vs. /z/ 2. Place of Articulation /b/ vs. /t/ 3. Manner of Articulation /s/ vs. /p/

ENGLISH CONSONANTS

Alveolar = Top of mouth, right behind teeth Ex. /t/ as in “top” Palatal = Top of mouth, middle Ex. /y/ as in “yell” Velar = Top of mouth, back Ex. /k/ as in “kick” Nasal = Nasal Passage Ex. /n/ as in “nose” Bilabial = Both lips Ex. /p/ as in “pot” Dental (or interdental) = Teeth, or between the teeth Ex. / θ / as in “thin” Labiodental = Lip between the teeth Ex. /f/ as in “far” Glottal = Air passing from the windpipe through the vocal cords Ex /h/ as in “hi”

Pronunciation Guide, consonants p. 16 Listen to the key words and repeat. Circle or highlight the ones that are the hardest for you What do we do when we want to practice on of the problematic sounds?

Exercise 6, p. 13 Listen to the speaker and repeat. Write the IPA symbol for the sound in the first space Pick a word that contains the sound and write it in the KEY WORD space

Consonants and Spelling  Rule 1, p. 21, / ʃ /  Rule 2, p. 22, / t ʃ /  Rule 3, p. 23, / ʒ /  Rule 4, p. 23, / d ʒ /  Rule 5, p. 25, /kw/  Rule 6, p. 26, /ks/  Rule 7, p. 29, voiced versus voiceless LISTENING  Rule 8, p. 31, voiced versus voiceless PART OF SPEECH

What are these words? Hint: they were in your assignment /w ɑ t ʃ t/ /t ʃɪ ldr ə n/ /læ ŋ gw ə d ʒ / /k ɑ mpl ɛ ks/

/w ɑ t ʃ t/ /t ʃɪ ld  r ə n/ /læ ŋ g  w ə d ʒ / /k ɑ mp  l ɛ ks/

Consonant Clusters  What is a consonant cluster?  Chi ldr en  La ngu age  Co mpl ex  How can you work on/practice words with clusters in them?  Break them up  Look in the mirror  EXAGGERATE

Time To Practice! PHONE MESSAGES

Assignment 2, due by 10 am on Saturday (7/19) How many people have had to call a place of business to take care of something, and they ran into trouble? Examples? You will be simulating a phone call to and airline change a flight.