Aim: How did the geography of Rome affect its development? Vocabulary: peninsula maritime imperial commodities dominion rampart citadel
What geographic features made Italy a favorable site for civilization?
Peninsula: in the center of the Mediterranean Sea (Mare Nostrum) Lowland valleys: good soil Climate: rainy, cool winters, mild summers Mountains: Alps in the north (protection) and climate shielded by Appenine Mountain spine Natural resources: forests, copper, tin, iron, salt, marble and other building stone
Aim: Why did the Roman Republic Become an Empire?
The Geography of Rome
Italy in 750 BC
Influence of the Etruscans Writing Religion The Arch
The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus
The Roman Republic: 509 – 27 B.C.
Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 BC Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
The Roman Forum
Rome’s Early Road System
Roman Roads: The Appian Way
Roman Aqueducts
The Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum Interior
Circus Maximus
Carthaginian Empire
Hannibal’s Route
Marius: Leader of Populares Sulla: Leader of Optimates Reform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus The poor and military veterrans should be given grain and small plots of free land. The Social Wars: 100-40 B.C. Marius: Leader of Populares Sulla: Leader of Optimates Proscriptions Military Reformer
Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar Pompey
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!
The First Triumvirate Caius Julius Caesar (Politician, Later General) Marcus Licinius Crassus (The Banker) Gnaeus Pompeius (General)
Beware the Ides of March! 44 BC
The Second Triumvirate Octavian Augustus Marc Antony Marcus Lepidus
The Roman Empire 27 A.D.- 476 A.D. (West) 1453 A.D. (East)
Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor
The First Roman Dynasty
Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD
The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 AD
The Rise of Christianity
St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles
The Spread of Christianity
Imperial Roman Road System
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 AD
Constantine: 312 – 337 AD
Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome”, or Nea Roma (330 AD)
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”
Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire
The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian
The Byzantine Emperor Justinian
The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language Roman Catholic Church City Planning Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering Aqueducts Sewage systems Dams Cement Arch