1. From Rome to Byzantium & the Rise of Christianity

2. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

3. Rise of Christianity Judaea put under Roman rule in 6 CE
Jews awaited for the Messiah who would liberate them from Roman rule
After Jesus’ death, believers thought he was resurrected
Paul, a convert, became a missionary set on teaching about Christos

4. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

5. Converts From poor, disenfranchised groups
Women
Slaves
Urban poor
Were persecuted by Roman officials because they refused to worship the emperor
By late 3rd century, converts included many educated and prosperous people
Economics helped the spread
roads

6. The Rise of Christianity

7. The Spread of Christianity

8. Imperial Roman Road System

9. Third Century Crisis 235-284 Political, military, & economic problems
Frequent change of rulers
Invaders
Germanic tribes from the north
Gauls from the west
Drain on economy—taxes
Amount of precious metal in coins was reduced devaluing coins
People began bartering
Pax romana failing

10. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

11. Diocletian Rose through army ranks to become Emperor
Radical reforms that saved the Roman state
Used price controls to halt inflation
Froze people in their professions
Split Rome in two parts
Even though reforms worked, people began to see Rome as oppressive & not worthy of their loyalty

12. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

13. Constantine: 312 - 337 Reunited Rome
Claimed to have a Christian conversion
Edict of Milan – ending persecution of Christians & guaranteeing freedom of worship

14. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 334)

15. Byzantium Conflict between, eastern Greek lands & the Latin west
East became known as Byzantium (Byzantine Empire)
West = Roman Catholic
East = Eastern Orthodox

16. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

17. Fall of Rome East & West formally split in 395
Byzantine armies continued to fight Germanic tribes
Gaul, Britain, Spain, & North Africa fell to Germanic peoples in early 5th century
Rome sacked in 410, 476 last Emperor gone!!!
By 530 all old Western Rome under small Germanic kingdoms
In the city of Rome, local families competed for the position as patriarch of the Western Church, which the title was Pope

18. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law
Latin Language (Romance=Portuguese, Italian, French, Spanish & Romanian)
Roman Catholic Church
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement